There are HUGE swaths of the federal government that have no Constitutional authority to exist.
Layoffs in the feral gubment are nothing new and should be familiar again.
I grew up in a civil service family more than 50 years ago. Layoffs were a way of life as the feral budget went up and down in the years before the awful baseline budgeting of the Nixon years and projects would start and finish. There were people who were seasonal workers like park rangers and maintenance people whose ranks were made up of farmers, ranchers and school teachers. Even “permanent” people were not exempt from RIF (Reduction in Force) and everyone knew their relative vulnerability. It was very standardly arranged and your staying power was based on a points system. People got furloughed and brought back when things got better. It was always difficult for every one but it was customary and expected.
One extremely good welder was furloughed several times in the yearsI knew him and his manager took it hard each time. The reason he was furloughed so regularly was that most of the people in his group were high point veterans and he was not and the job classification of the work group was subject to periodicity. His wife was a nurse and they weathered through while he worked on his small ranch until recalled. I guess one of the good things was that people were recalled and began again as if they had never left.
You mean departments and agencies that have no basis like:
Education
HHS
DOE
EPA
Any number of commissions?