Bingo.
The dark age of Europe happened when Islam cut it off from various trade routes and put them under constant siege.
ARABIC culture was at one time, the greatest in the world. Islamic culture, not so much.
padded horse collars, crop rotation, three field crop system, eyeglasses, dual entry bookkeeping, bills of exchange, waterwheels, harmony, polyphony, harpsichords, pipe organs, wah wah pedals . . . . ah, I made the last one up.
See Rodney Stark, "The Victory of Reason."
Socially the term slave disappeared from the language altogether. Politically you had the Magna Charta and title deeds. Altogether a period of great advance despite the Black Plague.
I've read various accounts about how learned and respectful of science was the Islamic world of one thousand years ago. If they were that big on science, where are all the scientific achievements coming out of the Islamic world?
They list some things with math and science from one thousand years ago but nothing since. Why not? Maybe they weren't as wonderful with math and science as a number of historians tell us they were.
“The dark age of Europe happened when Islam cut it off from various trade routes and put them under constant siege.”
The dark ages happened with the fall of Rome.