European cities are largely walkable. Your job, your stores, your restaurants, your bars, your nightclubs and your green spaces are all within walking distance of your apartment. Anything you want to travel further in the city to, you can bike, take the bus or take the metro.
Inter-city travel - there’s the train.
Almost no one owns a car, its expensive and there’s usually no place to park. Its not worth the convenience.
Depends on the city and the country.
If you live in Rome or London you don't have a car, but if you live in Poland you need a car to get around out of town as the inter-city options are bad (except for Warsaw-Krakow the rail lines are bad -- a hangover from the pre-1920 partition railways