Situational awareness and the knowledge that distance is safety - especially if you have a weapon on you. Some folks wrongly think that carrying a weapon is protection enough - you need space/time to bring it into the mix.
Add visibility and a loud whistle. I avoid places where one looks like a target....too close to walls or obstructions, being in places where there are people with no purpose. Indoor parking garages and isolated parking are a disaster waiting to happen.
Exactly right. Also makes a good preventative measure. If you look like you are well aware of your surroundings these cowardly thugs are far less likely to target you. They are pussies, they dont want a fight. They sure don’t want to end up looking at the business end of your CCW after having given you sufficient reason to fear for your life and thus be justified in using deadly force.