This isn’t how case law operates now.
Nevertheless, that is what the Slaughterhouse case tells us. That is the meaning of the 14th amendment citizenship clause.
To be a “citizen” because of the 14th amendment (and, incidentally, have “privileges and immunities” not all the protections of the Bill of Rights”), you need to be born at a place that is under the “exclusive legislative jurisdiction” of the United States federal government.