You might find these interesting...
https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/07/science/07bees.html
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013181
And I also would be curious on any updates from those that Battle Axe might know of.
Thanks, that’s very interesting.
He asked me nicely to quit. Which I did. Since then I have developed more allergies to sheep, goats, deer and unwashed wool. The symptoms are anywhere from itchy eyes to full blown head to toe hives.
So I have really been out of it for some time.
When I was still inspecting, the Varroa mite and the tracheal mite were killing hives. Anything from China is a bad thing and they were importing a lot of honey back then.
If I were to guess, I would look at a variant of chalk-brood. There were two forms, a black one and a white one. American Foul Brood (Bacillus larvae) took its toll too. I had hives and lost many for apparently no reason.