I wonder if you would explain what the practical difference between these two statements is:
1)”All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.”
2”All persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
Do these two statements mean the same thing, in spite of statement number one having the clause, “and subject to the jurisdiction thereof” and statement number two not having it? In other words, is the subject and jurisdiction clause meaningless?
Quite to the contrary, it's very meaningful. People who would not be "subject to the jurisdiction" thereof would be foreign diplomats and soldiers of an enemy army, or so was opined in Ark.