Yes, but the space shuttle is essentially a glider that re-enters the earth's atmosphere nose up, with its belly exposed to the heat of re-entry. The belly is covered with heat-resistant tiles, but not the rest of the orbiter.
That technology won't help us with designing a jet engine that can ingest volcanic ash and keep running.
If the windshield glass is a problem, use space shuttle technologies to make the windshield glass more scratch resistant.
The windows on the space shuttle aren't any more scratch resistant than the windows on a 747. They're not meant to resist the pummeling of re-entry.
Building an ash-proof airplane is going to require some new technology.
Or expensive technology. I can’t imagine that they can’t get treated glass for the windows at this time. There are a lot of people working on new materials. Engines probably the biggest problem. Volcanic ash gets hot in engines and melts - adding a coating of molten glass (from what I hear). Non stick coating on jet engine parts so the glass does not stick to the jet engine. Perhaps a vent somewhere, so the molten glass does not accumulate in the engine, but is removed to where it can be removed easier. Perhaps a molten glass trap. People have mentioned air filters before. It’s been said that wouldn’t work. So, a better air filter.