No, the 912E did not succeed the 914. The successor to the 914 was the 924.
Sorry, but this is just not the case. The 912E was the one-year stopgap model (actually a 911 body with a VW-914 engine). Many a budding enthusiast has been fooled into thinking he had a 356-engined 912 on the hook. Here is a good synopsis from the 912 Registry (note the Type designation):
The Fuel Injected 912E (AKA Type 923)
The 912E, internally designated at the factory as the Type 923, appeared for one model year only, primarily in the United States, as the companion to the 911S. In 1976 rising fuel prices and lowered U.S. speed limits helped make the 912E a practical model. Production of the 914/4 had just ended, and the water-cooled four-cylinder 924s had not yet arrived. The 912E was powered by the 2.0 liter fuel-injected 914-derived engine, and was offered in the 911 coupe coupe body style.