Fred: “dude you are so cracking me up..”
Look, dude. If you don’t know what an externality is, you simply aren’t qualified to comment. LOL.
It’s pretty difficult for us rubes to comprehend, but here’s the definition...
EXTERNALITY:
An externality is an effect of a purchase or use decision by one set of parties on others who did not have a choice and whose interests were not taken into account.
Classic example of a negative externality: pollution, generated by some productive enterprise, and affecting others who had no choice and were probably not taken nto account.
Example of a positive externality: Purchase a car of a certain model increases demand and thus availability for mechanics who know that kind of car, which improves the situation for others owning that model.
And if you knew anything about the economics of R&D funding you would know that these days that ton of money would be poured in by the US government because private industry would not pour in ant crap unless they already had a patent and payoff is in the next 2 years.