The short answer is “no” President Lincoln did not destroy the US with his War of Northern Aggression.
The Reconstruction Era Congress did a thorough job of destroying the Founder’s Vision of a Constitutional Republic with a clear delineation of powers and restrictions on Both the Federal Govt and the Several States Governments.
In 1865 the Republic was not fundamentally altered, by 1868, the Republic was a completed and discarded experiment.
I just wish that after almot 150 years we could admit to ourselves the change.
The States are the equivalent of our tailbone. It’s still there but is of little use.
Think of all the money we could save if we abandoned state and local government. All those buildings, all that electricity, all that grass to cut.