Hunter Outlines Iraq Strategy, Immigration Plan

In the newest in a series of interviews with presidential candidates, Rep. Duncan Hunter, R-Calif., details his ideas for handling illegal immigration in the United States and discusses how his experiences as a veteran shape his views on Iraq war policy.

JIM LEHRER: Now, another in our ongoing series of conversations with Democratic and Republican presidential nomination contenders who are competing in the primary contests. Judy Woodruff has tonight's.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And we are joined by Duncan Hunter of California. He is a 14-term Republican congressman from San Diego and the ranking member of the House Armed Services Committee.

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER (R), California: Well, great to be with you, Judy. Thank you.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Fourteen terms in Congress, that's a lot of flights back and forth from southern California to Washington, and you are still introducing yourself to voters, is that fair to say?

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: You know, that's true. And the funny thing in this presidential race, you fly over cities, and you see hundreds of thousands of houses below you, just specks. And you think, "I've got to communicate with all of those folks." It's a big challenge.

JUDY WOODRUFF: What do you say to people when you first go out, whether it's in Iowa or New Hampshire, South Carolina, what do you want them to know about who Duncan Hunter is?

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: Well, first, I tell them what I stand for. And they kind of get to know you depending on what kind of event it is. But, you know, in this business, when you've got the presidential debates, for example, you've got eight, nine, ten guys, you've got to become the master of the compact statement, that is, tell people what you're doing, what you stand for in a very short period of time.

That's kind of the nature of this electronic world that we live in. You've got to be able to give a 30-second sound bite or a one-minute sound bite.

But, you know, I tell people about my background. I'm a guy who joined the U.S. Army after I'd done two years of college and went off, served in Vietnam, came back, got into law school with only -- I found one law school in America you could get into with two years of college education. That was in San Diego.

I met my wife in Idaho. In fact, I had a farm in Idaho when I came back from Vietnam. And we came down to San Diego, went to law school. I hung out a shingle in the barrio on the waterfront in San Diego about five blocks south of Chicano Park. In fact, my first office was half of a barber shop there in the barrio. And I went back to see it the other day. It's been changed back to a barber shop. So there's no trace of Duncan Hunter in the barrio anymore.

But I practiced law there for four years. And I served largely the Hispanic community. It was a heavily Democrat congressional district, 29 percent Republican. And one day my dad walked in, the greatest man I've ever known, and said, "You could win this congressional seat." It was 1980. And I said, "Gee, dad, maybe I ought to run for assembly or city council." He said, "No, you'll just make enemies on the way up." He said, "You've got to run for Congress." He said, "Ronald Reagan is running for president. The issue is going to be defense and jobs in San Diego." And he said, "In San Diego, defense does mean jobs, because of the aerospace industry and the shipbuilding industry and all of our defense-related economy."

And so I ran for Congress in 1980, got elected, got on the Armed Services Committee. And the last four years, I've been the chairman until this last year. So it's been a wonderful opportunity to serve America, and I have enjoyed it a lot.

Rep. Duncan Hunter Rep. Duncan Hunter R-Calif. So the advanced technology of the day, coupled with the same intent to hurt Americans, manifested I think most strongly in 9/11, is a challenge that will be with us a long time.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Being on the Armed Services Committee puts you front and center on so many of the issues before the American people right now. And for the last four years, it has been Iraq. President Bush has said this is a war that is going to be worked on by the next president, by his successor. What do you think about that?

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: Well, I think it is a long war. I think that the -- I think what we're entering is an era of terrorists with high technology. And those who would do us -- who would hurt Americans, those extremist Islamists in the old days could attack communities with knives and later on with guns, and today we're worried about them attacking at some point with a nuclear device.

So as technology and killing technology becomes more advanced and the person who could kill a person with a knife 100 years ago today can use a suicide bomb strapped around them, or in a car, and kill maybe 100 people, maybe 50 people. So the advanced technology of the day, coupled with the same intent to hurt Americans, manifested I think most strongly in 9/11, is a challenge that will be with us a long time.

And I think what the president was probably saying is there's not going to be any surrender on the Battleship Missouri. This is going to be a long conflict and one that we're going to have to adapt to and have something that is in short supply in this country, and that's patience.

JUDY WOODRUFF: You've said, too, that you think the United States will win, that there will be victory. How do you define that?

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: Yeah, well, I think we're going to be victorious in this mission in Iraq. And the way we leave in victory in Iraq is to follow this same pattern that we've used for many years when we've expanded freedom around the world.

First thing we did was stand up a free government. We've done that. It's a clumsy government, somewhat inept, but most new governments are. We've stood up a free government. The second step is to stand up a military capability that can protect that free government. And that's the second step that we're working on right now. And the last step is the Americans leave.

Right now, we're standing up the Iraqi army. It's 131 battalions. Most of them have some battlefield experience now. And, you know, Judy, I've heard lots of people in their smooth road books, all of the people who've criticized the way we did Iraq, saying there was really a smooth road you could have taken. I don't think there is any smooth road to occupying a nation and changing it so profoundly.

But those people say we should have kept Saddam Hussein's army in place, and that would have made things a lot easier. Saddam Hussein's army had 11,000 Sunni generals in it, squads of generals who had made their living beating up on the Shiite population. We had to start this army from scratch. We've done that.

As we stand up those 131 battalions and get them battle-hardened, we're going to be able to rotate them into the battlefield and displace America's heavy combat forces, Marines and Army, rotate our guys out of the battlefield and move them back to the United States or other places in Central Command.

I think that the Iraqi government will hold. I think it will be a clumsy government, and I think it will stumble along, as most new governments do, but I think it will hold. And I think the army, the Iraqi army, will be an institution for stability in Iraq.

Now, there will always be bombs going off in Iraq, just as there will always be bombs going off in Israel. And if money and resources could stop bombs from going off, they wouldn't be going off in Israel. But I think that country will hold, and that will accrue to the long-term benefit of our country to have a friend, not an enemy, in that strategic location in the Middle East.

Rep. Duncan Hunter Rep. Duncan Hunter R-Calif. The Iraqi army is led by division commanders and brigade commanders who are Kurdish, who are Sunni, and who are Shiite. So the one place you have some reconciliation is in the army, in the military. That's an indicator for stability.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And how long do you think it will take to get to that point that you just...

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: Well, we've got -- General Petraeus testified to us the other day that 75 percent of the Iraqi forces now are what he calls in the lead in their military operations. They've taken casualties at about three to one over the American forces.

I think it will be faster than we think, because as these forces mature, they're going to be able to step into the battlefield and take this responsibility. A reliable Iraqi army, I think, is a key to an American handoff.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And what makes you confident -- you seem confident -- that the Iraqi government will hold, as you put it? What do you see? Because it's been difficult these last few years.

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: Well, part of it's natural, in that the Iraqi government you have right now is in the majority Shiite. That's because the majority of the population is Shiite. So you don't have a situation where you'll have a minority in the country trying to hold on to a -- in a transition to a democracy, trying to hold onto power. That's sometimes the case.

In this case, the Shiite community is in the majority, and it's in the majority in the government, and yet there are seats that are held by the Kurds and the Sunnis and in the army, when I think this is, again, very important, because I think that the standup of a reliable Iraqi military that's responsive to the civilian arm of government is more important than all of the reconciliation and all of the legislation that we've set as metrics that we feel have to be passed by their government.

The Iraqi army is led by division commanders and brigade commanders who are Kurdish, who are Sunni, and who are Shiite. So the one place you have some reconciliation is in the army, in the military. That's an indicator for stability.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And how much should American public opinion and American patience be taken into account in America, in U.S. policy toward Iraq?

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: Well, I think the people run this country. And I think what this takes, this takes a lot of persuasion, and always informing the people, and talking to them constantly, because this isn't World War II where we finally all got together and moved forward as one, and where there was a lot of momentum for taking this thing down to the goal line.

We're going to have other situations. In fact, we're going to have a confrontation with this challenging situation in Iran, as Iran walks down the path to build a nuclear device and gets closer to what I call the edge of the cliff. The United States is going to have some very difficult challenges, and we're going to need to call on the American people, perhaps, to make -- to make some very tough decisions with respect to Iran.

So this is going to be an era of difficult decisions, difficult challenges, and challenges which will have to be explained to the American people and which leadership will be at a premium.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Any doubt in your mind that Iran will be a threat, will be a problem for U.S. interests in that region, or is that just not clear yet?

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: Well, unless they change markedly. The interesting thick about the Iranians is they've said that they are -- they claim they have 3,000 centrifuges right now. The IAEA thinks they have maybe 1,000. They need to be able to refine this material to a 90 percent point to build a somewhat sophisticated nuclear weapon, but only to about a 50 percent point to be able to build a crude device, like the ones that were utilized at the end of World War II.

So they are moving forward. They're announcing their progress as they move forward, sometimes overstating their progress, but they appear to be moving forward. And any tough sanctions that we would take are continually blunted by China and Russia. So it becomes more and more improbable that Iran is going to be -- is going to be deterred by sanctions.

Rep. Duncan Hunter Rep. Duncan Hunter R-Calif. When I built the double-border fence, the smuggling of illegal aliens and narcotics dropped by more than 90 percent in our sector. And the crime rate in the city of San Diego, by FBI statistic, went down 50 percent.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Let me bring you back home and ask you about a couple of issues, in particular immigration. I looked at your campaign Web site. You say this is one of the -- border security is one of the principle tenets of your campaign. Why do you feel so strongly about this 700-mile-long fence along the border?

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: You know, when I got this congressional district in San Diego -- what a wonderful place to represent, incidentally, a great, great home for Lynne and I -- I represented at one time the entire California-Mexican border. And when I came into that district, the border between San Diego and Tijuana, Mexico, was the number-one smugglers corridor in America, through which most of the illegal aliens and most of the narcotics that flowed into the entire country traveled. They came through that narrow corridor between Tijuana and San Diego.

It was a no man's land, where at nighttime you would have armed gangs, some with automatic weapons, robbing, raping, murdering illegal aliens as they came across, because when people come across, they usually have lots of cash, their life savings on them. And so these gangs would besiege 20 or 30 people, they could make a lot of money robbing two or three groups of people coming across illegally.

It was so bad we actually had a plain-clothes police force that dressed like illegal aliens in our city police department. They would go down to the border and wait to be attacked by the gangs. I built that double-border fence, and that's two fences with a Border Patrol road in between, and I wrote the law to mandate that fence's construction when the Clinton administration came into power, was in power, but when the Republicans came into power in 1994.

When I built the double-border fence, the smuggling of illegal aliens and narcotics dropped by more than 90 percent in our sector. And the crime rate in the city of San Diego, by FBI statistic, went down 50 percent. So I wrote the law in October that extends the San Diego border fence, actually 854 miles across Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.

The smuggler's corridors of those areas, we don't take them across the cliffs of the Big Bend National Park or the extremely rugged areas. We take them across the areas where they're smuggling most of the people.

To date, the Bush administration has built very little of the double fence. I saw Mr. Chertoff the day before yesterday. He said they've done 70 miles of single fence, but I could -- I will finish that entire fence, 854 miles, in six months. And I think that's even more of a security issue today than an immigration issue. We have to know who's coming into this country.

JUDY WOODRUFF: You also have been adamant in saying that you think that the illegals, known illegals in this country should be deported. How do you go about finding them?

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: Well, I think, to some degree, we're like a boat that's got a big hole in it, and we're bailing water furiously. You have to plug the hole in the boat, which means you have to secure the border.

Once you secure the border, we have a deportation system, in fact, for people that say, "You can't deport people by the thousands," we deport thousands of people from this country every month. And if we don't, if we don't adhere to the law, the many people who are here right now, the millions of people who are here right now, who came in illegally after the amnesty of the 1980s, came in after the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House held up a big sign and we said, "This time we really mean it," 1986, I believe. We said, "We really mean it. Nobody else can come in illegally." And folks came in illegally and left tire tracks on those signs.

Now, if you don't have -- if we don't follow the law, if we say, "OK, we didn't really mean it, we're going to have another amnesty," you will have another wave of people trying to get in to catch what they perceive will be the third amnesty.

So you have to follow the law. And besides that, you've got people waiting in line. And whether it's ever stated or not, the number of people that have to wait in line, follow the law, actually are put off and are delayed because of the huge number of people who take cuts in that line by coming in illegally, so you've got to have a law. And you've got to follow the rule of law.

And we're like a house that doesn't have any sides to it. And we argue over how wide the front door should be open. We have the biggest front door in the world in this country. We've got to have sides on the house. And that's what the border fence and Border Patrol will comprise.

Rep. Duncan Hunter Rep. Duncan Hunter R-Calif. I like to find common ground. And I think there's a lot of common ground in a strong national defense, an enforceable border, and high-paying manufacturing jobs.

JUDY WOODRUFF: You've also said several times you're the most conservative in this race for president, on the Republican side. Obviously, some of your opponents would disagree with that. How do you flesh that out? What makes you the most conservative?

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: Well, I was really thinking of the three of the particular guys in this race, Mr. Giuliani, and Mr. Romney, and Mr. McCain. And I was listening to them in one of the debates talk about what they perceived to be their accomplishments.

And Mr. Romney has, of course, a mandated health care insurance program in Massachusetts that Teddy Kennedy applauded and, in my estimation, is very close to a socialized system. Mr. Giuliani, of course, strongly supported the Clinton gun bans and went to the signing ceremony, and that was a major ban on firearms that the Clinton administration administered in 1994. And, of course, my friend, John McCain, joined up with Teddy Kennedy to put together the amnesty bill.

So it occurred to me that these three gentleman have -- apparently their largest legislative achievements had been achievements in which they joined with Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts in pushing legislation. So it simply reflected to me that that was, to some degree, the Ted Kennedy wing of the Republican Party, not the conservative wing of the Republican Party. But there's other very conservative people in this race, obviously.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Something happening tomorrow night, a forum, actually sponsored by PBS, being hosted by Tavis Smiley, geared toward issues of importance to voters of color. Now, you're participating. A number of your opponents are not. Are they making a mistake?

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: Oh, I think so. I think when you're going to be -- when you're running for the presidency, when you're running for the presidency of the United States, that includes everybody. And, you know, I don't custom-make messages.

I think that the -- you know, when I ran as a conservative Republican in a two-to-one Democrat seat, it was heavily black. It included all of the major black community in San Diego, the major Hispanic community in San Diego, and the major Asian-American community in San Diego. And I won in that district and won in variations of that district since.

And, you know, I think all Americans -- I like to find common ground. And I think there's a lot of common ground in a strong national defense, an enforceable border, and high-paying manufacturing jobs. And one place where I break with the rest of my colleagues is, I'm not one of these purist free-traders. I think we've made terrible trade deals, and we've pushed a lot of great manufacturing jobs offshore, especially to communist China, because of bad trade deals and because of allowing China to cheat on trade.

And I think that working Americans, middle-class Americans, represent the promise of the Republican Party. And we're going to have to reach out and grab those Reagan Democrats by the heartstrings. And one way we can do that is with jobs, bringing back high-paying manufacturing jobs to this country. That's what I'm going to talk about tomorrow night.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Finally, we looked at the history books. There's only one other sitting member of the House of Representatives who's been directly elected president, elected to the White House. That was James Garfield in 1880. Those are pretty tough odds. What makes you think you can pull off another Garfield?

REP. DUNCAN HUNTER: Well, I know, I figured it's been so long, it's about time. I think we're due. But this is an extraordinary part of our history. This really is the first open race for the presidency in many decades, as you know. There is no heir apparent to the nomination stepping out of the vice presidency.

And this is truly an open race, and that's why you have so many people in it. And I'm going to do everything I can to win this race. And while I'm at it, as you know, my son is running from Congress from Afghanistan as a U.S. Marine. So we're a full-service family right now. We've got -- Mrs. Hunter has got a lot of irons in the fire trying to support all of us.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Congressman Duncan Hunter, we thank you very much for joining us.

Here is a partial list of his endeavors...

Duncan Hunter:

**Cosponsored H.R. 4449 - The Social Security Alien and Foreign Resident Limitations Act of 1981, which sought to “amend title II of the Social Security Act to limit benefits in the case of individuals who are not citizens or nationals of the United States or who are residing abroad.” – Congressional Record, September, 1981

**Sponsored H.R. 2534 - A bill to amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to authorize the Attorney General to accept donated horses for use in patrolling the borders of the United States. – Congressional Record, April, 1983

**Voted against S.1200, The Immigration and Control Act of 1986, which included TITLE II -”ADJUSTMENT OF STATUS OF CERTAIN ENTRANTS BEFORE JANUARY 1, 1982, TO THAT OF PERSON ADMITTED FOR LAWFUL RESIDENCE (Amnesty). – Congressional Record, October 1986.

**Cosponsored H.R. 2964, The Comprehensive Border Control Act of 1991 - Directs the Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service to make specified improvements in border enforcement and security. – Congressional Record, July, 1991.

**Cosponsored H.R. 3438, The Immigration Document Fraud Prevention Act of 1991 To prevent immigration document fraud, and for other purposes. - Congressional Record, October, 1991.

**Cosponsored H.R. 3439, the Improved Immigration Law Enforcement Act of 1991 – Increases FY 1993 personnel levels and funding for the Border Patrol, Increases for FY 1993 the number of Assistant United States Attorney positions, and assigns such additional personnel to prosecute persons who harbor or bring into the United States illegal aliens. Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to increase penalties for harboring or bringing into the United States aliens for profit. – Congressional Record, October, 1991.

**Cosponsored H.R. 3440, the Employer Sanctions Improvements Act of 1991 – Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to provide for the issuance of new counterfeit-resistant social security cards to employable aliens solely for the purpose of providing employment eligibility. – Congressional Record, October, 1991.

**Cosponsored H.R. 3441, To prohibit direct Federal financial benefits and unemployment benefits for illegal aliens. – Congressional record, October, 1991.

**Cosponsored H.R. 3442, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to prohibit transportation of illegal aliens for purposes of employment. – Congressional Record, October, 1991.

**Cosponsored H.R. 4134, The California-Mexico Border Drug Trafficking Reduction Act - Directs the Attorney General, to prevent the illegal entry of aliens into the United States, to take action to: (1) acquire a permanent easement for the United States extending 50 feet outwards along the length of the U.S.-Mexican border in California for the purpose of erecting and maintaining a security fence and access road; and (2) establish a 500-feet setback along the length of such border for the purpose of restricting any development within such setback. – Congressional Record, June, 1991.

**Cosponsored H.R. 4754, To provide for 2,000 additional border patrol agents from military personnel displaced by defense cutbacks. – Congressional Record, April 1991.

**Cosponsored H.R. 709, The California-Mexico Border Drug Trafficking Reduction Act - Directs the Attorney General, to prevent the illegal entry of aliens into the United States, to take action to: (1) acquire a permanent easement for the United States extending 50 feet outwards along the length of the U.S.-Mexican border in California for the purpose of erecting and maintaining a security fence and access road; and (2) establish a 500-feet setback along the length of such border for the purpose of restricting any development within such setback. – Congressional Record, February 1993.

**Cosponsored H.R. 852, To authorize additional appropriations to increase border patrol personnel to 6,800 by the end of fiscal year 1995 and to make available amounts in the Department of Justice Assets Forfeiture Fund for the additional border patrol personnel. – Congressional Record, February 1993.

**Cosponsored H.R. 985, To include infection with the agent for acquired immune deficiency syndrome as a communicable disease of public health significance for which an alien is excludable under the Immigration and Nationality Act. – Congressional Record, February 1993.

**Cosponsored H.R., the Improved Immigration Law Enforcement Act of 1993- Amends the Act to increase penalties for harboring or bringing into the United States aliens for profit and expresses the sense of the Senate that the Attorney General and the Secretary of State should initiate programs with Mexico and Canada to prevent and prosecute the smuggling of aliens into the United States. – Congressional Record, February 1993.

**Cosponsored H.R. 1080, To prohibit direct Federal financial benefits and unemployment benefits for aliens who are not lawful permanent residents. – Congressional Record, March 1993

**Cosponsored H.R. 1082, To provide for 2,500 additional border patrol agents from military personnel displaced by defense cutbacks. – Congressional Record, March 1993.

**Cosponsored H.R. 1191, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to limit citizenship at birth, merely by virtue of birth in the United States, to persons with citizen or legal resident mothers. – Congressional Record, March 1993.

**Cosponsored H.R. 1355, The Exclusion and Asylum Reform Amendments of 1993 - Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to create grounds for exclusion of an alien who: (1) uses or attempts to use a fraudulent document to enter the United States, or to board a common carrier for such purpose; or (2) uses a document to board a common carrier and then fails to present such document to an immigration official upon arrival at a U.S. port of entry. – Congressional Record, April 1993.

**Sponsored H.R. 2018, to Prohibit an eligible State from receiving State Legalization Impact Assistance Grants until the Immigration and Naturalization Service and the United States Border Patrol certify that the State is cooperating in the apprehension, detention, and transfer of illegal immigrants. – Congressional Record, May 1993

**Sponsored H.R. 2646, To direct that certain Federal financial benefits be provided only to citizens and nationals of the United States. – Congressional Record, August 1993

**Cosponsored H.R. 2859, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to provide that public ceremonies for the admission of new citizens shall be conducted solely in English. – Congressional Record, August 1993.

**Cosponsored H.R. 3105, To restructure the enforcement components of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. – Congressional Record, September 1993

**Cosponsored H.R. 3284, Entitled the “Asylum Abuse Prevention Act of 1993”. Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to prohibit the United States from granting asylum to an alien who prior to U.S. arrival passes through another country which provides asylum or safe haven. – Congressional Record, October 1993

**Cosponsored H.R. 3320, the Immigration Stabilization Act of 1993: To curb criminal activity by aliens, to defend against acts of international terrorism, to protect American workers from unfair labor competition, and to relieve pressure on public services by strengthening border security and stabilizing immigration into the United States. – Congressional Record, October 1993

**Cosponsored H.R. 3869, the Illegal Immigration Control Act of 1994: To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act and other laws of the United States relating to border security, illegal immigration, alien eligibility for Federal financial benefits and services, criminal activity by aliens, alien smuggling, fraudulent document use by aliens, asylum, terrorist aliens, and for other purposes. – Congressional Record, May 1994

**Sponsored H.AMDT 191 to H.R. 2519, an Amendment to increase by $60 million the funds appropriated in the bill for salaries and expenses within the Immigration and Naturalization Service. – Congressional Record, July 1993

**Sponsored H.AMDT to H.R. 4092. The Amendment authorizes the hiring of an additional 6,000 Border Patrol Agents and support staff over the next five fiscal years. – Congressional Record, April 1994

**Cosponsored H.R. 372, the Immigrant Financial Responsibility and Sponsorship Act of 1995 - Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to: (1) revise the public charge grounds for excludability; and (2) set forth sponsor financial responsibility requirements. - Congressional Record, January 1995

**Cosponsored H.R. 375, To provide for asylum reform, prohibition of Federal benefits to certain aliens, and for other purposes. – Congressional Record, January 1995.

**Cosponsored H.R. 387, To amend title 10, United States Code, to authorize the Secretary of Defense to assign Department of Defense personnel to assist the Immigration and Naturalization Service and the United States Customs Service perform their border protection functions. – Congressional Record, June 1995

**Cosponsored H.R. 592, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to repeal the provision allowing adjustment of status of unlawful aliens in the United States. – Congressional Record, January 1995

**Cosponsored H.R. 739, Declaration of Official Language Act of 1995 - Declares English to be the official language of the U.S. Government. States that English is the preferred language of communication among U.S. citizens. Requires the U.S. Government to promote and support the use of English for communications among U.S. citizens. Requires communications by officers and employees of the U.S. Government with U.S. citizens to be in English. – Congressional Record, February 1995

**Sponsored H.R. 756 and H.R. 1018, the Illegal Immigration Control Acts of 1995: To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act and other laws of the United States relating to border security, illegal immigration, alien eligibility for Federal financial benefits and services, criminal activity by aliens, alien smuggling, fraudulent document use by aliens, asylum, terrorist aliens, and for other purposes. – Congressional Record, January and February 1995

**Cosponsored H.R. 1363, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to deny citizenship at birth to children born in the United States of parents who are not citizens or permanent resident aliens. – Congressional Record, March 1995

**Cosponsored H.R. 1377, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to authorize States to deny public education benefits to aliens not lawfully present in the United States. – Congressional Record, April 1995

**Sponsored H.R. 1658, To enhance border security in the vicinity of San Diego, California through the construction and improvement of physical barriers at the United States border and through the forward deployment of Border Patrol agents to the border. (San Diego Border Fence Bill) – Congressional Record, May 1995

**Cosponsored H.R. 1915 and H.R. 2202, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to improve deterrence of illegal immigration to the United States by increasing border patrol and investigative personnel, by increasing penalties for alien smuggling and for document fraud, by reforming exclusion and deportation law and procedures, by improving the verification system for eligibility for employment, and through other measures, to reform the legal immigration system and facilitate legal entries into the United States, and for other purposes. – Congressional Record, August and September 1995

**Cosponsored H.R. 3724, To improve the integrity of the Social Security card and to provide for criminal penalties for fraud and related activity involving work authorization documents for purposes of the Immigration and Nationality Act. – Congressional Record, June 1996

**Cosponsored H.R. 7, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to deny citizenship at birth to children born in the United States of parents who are not citizens or permanent resident aliens. – Congressional Record, June 1996

**Cosponsored H.R. 849, To prohibit an alien who is not lawfully present in the United States from receiving assistance under the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970. – Congressional record, February 1997

**Cosponsored H.R. 901, To preserve the sovereignty of the United States over public lands and acquired lands owned by the United States, and to preserve State sovereignty and private property rights in non-Federal lands surrounding those public lands and acquired lands. – Congressional Record, February 1997

**Cosponsored H.R. 1428, the Voter Eligibility Verification Act: To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to establish a system through which the Commissioner of Social Security and the Attorney General respond to inquiries made by election officials concerning the citizenship of voting registration applicants and to amend the Social Security Act to permit States to require individuals registering to vote in elections to provide the individual’s Social Security number. – Congressional Record, April 1997

**Cosponsored H.R. 1493, To require the Attorney General to establish a program in local prisons to identify, prior to arraignment, criminal aliens and aliens who are unlawfully present in the United States, and for other purposes. – Congressional record, May, 1997

**Cosponsored H.R. 2356, To amend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to eliminate certain provisions relating to bilingual voting requirements. – Congressional Record, July 1997

**Cosponsored H.R. 2922, To amend title 10, United States Code, to authorize the Secretary of Defense to assign members of the Armed Forces, under certain circumstances and subject to certain conditions, to assist the Immigration and Naturalization Service and the United States Customs Service in the performance of border protection functions. – Congressional Record, November 1997

**Sponsored H.R. 3858, To assure drug-free borders by increasing penalties for certain drug-related offenses, to enhance law enforcement efforts for counter-drug activities, and for other purposes. – Congressional Record, May 1998.

**Cosponsored H.R. 38, To repeal the (Clinton) National Voter Registration Act of 1993. – Congressional Record, January 1999

**Cosponsored H.R. 73, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to deny citizenship at birth to children born in the United States of parents who are not citizens or permanent resident aliens. – Congressional Record, January 1999

**Cosponsored H.R. 123, To amend title 4, United States Code, to declare English as the official language of the Government of the United States. - Congressional Record, January 1999

**Cosponsored H.R. 191, To improve the integrity of the Social Security card and to provide for criminal penalties for fraud and related activity involving work authorization documents for purposes of the Immigration and Nationality Act. – Congressional Record, January 1999

**Cosponsored H.R. 628, To amend title 10, United States Code, to authorize the Secretary of Defense to assign members of the Armed Forces, under certain circumstances and subject to certain conditions, to assist the Immigration and Naturalization Service and the United States Customs Service in the performance of border protection functions. – Congressional Record, February 1999

**Cosponsored H.R. 2528, To establish the Bureau of Immigration Services and the Bureau of Immigration Enforcement within the Department of Justice. – Congressional Record, July 1999

**Cosponsored H.R. 4282, To provide Federal reimbursement for indirect costs relating to the incarceration of illegal aliens and for emergency health services furnished to undocumented aliens. – Congressional Record, April 2000

**Sponsored H.AMDT 581, an amendment to H.R. 5005, to express the sense of the Congress that completion of the San Diego Border Fence Project is a priority of the DHS. – Congressional Record, July 2002

**Cosponsored H.R. 10, To provide for reform of the intelligence community, terrorism prevention and prosecution, border security, and international cooperation and coordination, and for other purposes. – Congressional Record, September 2004

**Cosponsored H.R. 502, To require identification that may be used in obtaining Federal public benefits to meet restrictions ensuring that it is secure and verifiable. – Congressional Record, January 2003

**Cosponsored H.R. 687, To prohibit the Federal Government from accepting a form of identification issued by a foreign government, except for a passport that is accepted for such a purpose on the date of enactment of this Act. – Congressional Record, February 2003

**Cosponsored H.R. 993, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2004 through 2010 to carry out the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program. – Congressional Record, February 2003

**Sponsored H.R. 1392, To require inspection of all cargo on commercial trucks and vessels entering the United States. – Congressional Record, March 2003

**Cosponsored H.R. 1557, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to deny citizenship at birth to children born in the United States of parents who are not citizens or permanent resident aliens. – Congressional Record, April 2003

**Cosponsored H.R. 2671, the Clear Law Enforcement for Criminal Alien Removal Act of 2003 or the CLEAR Act of 2003 - States that: (1) State and local law enforcement personnel are fully authorized to investigate, apprehend, or remove aliens in the United States (including interstate transportation of such aliens to detention centers) in the enforcement of U.S. immigration laws; and (2) a State that does not have a statute permitting enforcement of Federal immigration laws within two years of enactment of this Act shall not receive certain Federal incarceration assistance. – Congressional Record, July 2003

**Sponsored H.R. 3235, To amend title 23, United States Code, to withhold highway funds from States that issue drivers’ licenses to illegal aliens. – Congressional record, October 2003

**Cosponsored H.R. 19, To require employers to conduct employment eligibility verification to prevent illegal aliens from working in the United States. – Congressional Record, January 2005

**Cosponsored H.R. 98, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to enforce restrictions on employment in the United States of unauthorized aliens through the use of improved Social Security cards and an Employment Eligibility Database, and for other purposes. – Congressional Record, January 2005

**Cosponsored H.R. 698, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to deny citizenship at birth to children born in the United States of parents who are not citizens or permanent resident aliens. – Congressional Record, February 2005

**Cosponsored H.R. 3171, To provide for enhanced Federal, State, and local assistance in the enforcement of the immigration laws, to amend the Immigration and Nationality Act, to authorize appropriations to carry out the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program, and for other purposes. – Congressional Record, June 2005

**Cosponsored H.R. 3938, the Enforcement First Immigration Reform Act of 2005. Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act and other immigration-related provisions with respect to: (1) enforcement and detention of, and criminal penalties for, illegal aliens; (2) the institutional removal (IRP) and criminal alien assistance (SCAAP) programs; (3) alien smuggling, document fraud, gang violence, and drug trafficking; (4) border security, personnel increases, and border-related assignment of armed forces members; (5) provision of social security numbers; (6) work authorization and enforcement; (7) secure identification standards, including birth certificates; (8) reform of legal immigration, including elimination of the diversity lottery visa category and certain limitations on entrants from Mexico; (9) citizenship reform, including limitations on citizenship by birth; and (10) wages paid to unauthorized aliens. – Congressional Record, September 2005

**Cosponsored H.R. 4032, To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to remove the discretion of the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to expedited removal under section 235(b)(1)(A)(iii)(I) of such Act and to amend the Truth in Lending Act to prohibit issuance of residential mortgages to illegal aliens. – Congressional Record, October 2005

**Cosponsored H.R. 4083, the Border Security Improvement Act - Amends the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 to: (1) make the Secretary of Homeland Security rather than the Attorney General responsible for border barrier improvements; and (2) direct the Secretary to provide for construction of a fence along the entire U.S. southern border. – Congressional Record, October 2005

**Sponsored H.R. 4313, the TRUE Enforcement and Border Security Act of 2005 - Sets forth border security-related provisions, including provisions respecting: (1) construction of fencing and security improvements in the the Pacific Ocean-Gulf of Mexico border area; (2) increased availability of Department of Defense (DOD) equipment on the southern border; and (3) construction of additional ports of entry. – Congressional Record, November 2005

**Cosponsored H.R. 4360, To enforce law and order by establishing a program to authorize, fund, and otherwise assist local Sheriffs’ offices in designated counties to provide a second line of defense alongside and in close cooperation with the United States Customs Border Protection (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement, to conduct law enforcement operations in their counties along the southern international border of the United States, and to prevent lawlessness in border areas. – Congressional Record, November 2005

**Cosponsored H.R. 6015, To enhance border security through the use of temporary support personnel, expansion of Border Patrol agent training, increased hiring authority, support for local law enforcement agencies, and for other purposes. – Congressional Record, July 2006

**Wrote and Cosponsored H.R. 6061, Secure Fence Act of 2006 - Directs the Secretary of Homeland Security, within 18 months of enactment of this Act, to take appropriate actions to achieve operational control over U.S. international land and maritime borders, including: (1) systematic border surveillance through more effective use of personnel and technology, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, ground-based sensors, satellites, radar coverage, and cameras; and (2) physical infrastructure enhancements to prevent unlawful border entry and facilitate border access by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, such as additional checkpoints, all weather access roads, and vehicle barriers. – Congressional Record, September 2006

**Sponsored H.AMDT to amend H.R. 4437. Amendment mandates the construction of specific security fencing, including lights and cameras, along the Southwest border for the purposes of gaining operational control of the border; designates fencing in specific sectors; and includes a requirement for the Secretary of Homeland Security to conduct a study on the use of physical barriers along the northern international land and maritime border of the United States. – Congressional Record, December 2005

**Cosponsored H.CON.RES 40, Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should not engage in the construction of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Superhighway System or enter into a North American Union with Mexico and Canada. – Congressional Record, January 2007

**Cosponsored H.CON.RES 83, Expressing the sense of the Congress that State and local governments should be supported for taking actions to discourage illegal immigration and that legislation should be enacted to ease the burden on State and local governments for taking such actions. – Congressional Record, March 2007

**Cosponsored H.R. 19, To require employers to conduct employment eligibility verification to prevent illegal aliens from working in the United States. – Congressional Record, January 2007

**Sponsored H.R. 1756, To prohibit Mexico-domiciled motor carriers from operating beyond United States municipalities and commercial zones on the United States-Mexico border until certain conditions are met to ensure the safety of such operations. – Congressional Record, March 2007

**Cosponsored H.R. 1940, To amend section 301 of the Immigration and Nationality Act to clarify those classes of individuals born in the United States who are nationals and citizens of the United States at birth. – Congressional Record, April 2007

**Cosponsored H.R. 2508, To require Federal contractors to participate in the basic pilot program for employment eligibility verification to prevent illegal aliens from working in the United States. - Congressional Record, May 2007

**Sponsored H.AMDT 630 to amend H.R. 3074. An amendment prohibiting the use of funds to participate in a working group pursuant to the Security and Prosperity Partnership. – Congressional Record, July 2007

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