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Many planets may have double suns
BBC ^ | Thursday, March 29, 2007

Posted on 03/29/2007 5:37:34 PM PDT by Jedi Master Pikachu

In the film Star Wars, Luke Skywalker gazed at a twin sunset from his desert homeworld



The dual suns that rise and set over Luke Skywalker's homeworld in the film Star Wars may be more than just fantasy, according to data from Nasa.

In a classic scene from the 1977 movie, the hero gazes into the distance as two yellow suns set on the horizon.

Nasa's Spitzer Space Telescope has found that planetary systems are as common around double stars as they are around single stars, like our own Sun.

Details of the research have been published in the Astrophysical Journal.

The number of potential sites for planets has just increased enormously

David Trilling, University of Arizona

In the study, a team of researchers used an infrared camera on the Spitzer telescope to search for so-called dusty discs around binary, or double, stars.

Dusty discs are made from the leftover debris of planet formation.

"We knew the stars would be there, the question was whether there was a planet to be the place where you could stand and see these sunsets," said Karl Stapelfeldt, a scientist at Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California.

"The inference is getting stronger now that there must be such planets based on what Spitzer has found."

The presence of planets in dusty discs is thought likely, but is by no means certain.

"In our Solar System, asteroids collide with each other and produce showers of dust and that is, we assume, what we're seeing in these other discs - the dust produced by the collision of two bigger bodies," lead author David Trilling, from the University of Arizona, told BBC News.

"We can infer that there are bigger bodies like asteroids. The next logical leap is that if there are processes that formed these bigger bodies like asteroids, those same processes may also have formed planets."

Artist's impression of dusty disc around binary star system   Image: Nasa/JPL-Caltech

Planets could be commonplace around binary stars

The team looked for dusty discs in 69 binary systems between about 50 and 200 light-years away from Earth.

The data show that about 40% of double systems had dusty discs - slightly higher than the frequency for a similar sample of single stars.

This finding suggests that planetary systems are at least as common around these binary stars as they are around single stars like our Sun.

In systems where stars are 50-500 astronomical units (50-500 times the distance from the Earth to the Sun) apart, dusty discs circle one of the pairs of stars.

Close-knit stars

But the researchers found no discs in binary systems where stars were 3-50 astronomical units (AU) apart.

In these double systems, Dr Trilling suggests, gravitational forces may kick debris out into deep space, preventing the formation of planets.

Nasa's Spitzer infrared telescope


When the team looked at even more closely spaced binary stars - positioned at three to zero astronomical units distance - they were surprised to find that dusty discs were common, occurring in about 60% of cases.

In these systems, a dusty disc circles both stars, rather than just one. Any planets orbiting these close-knit star systems would experience sunsets similar to the one depicted on the fictional desert world of Tatooine in Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope.

"The number of potential sites for planets has just increased enormously, because now we know these multiple star systems may be commonly associated with planetary formation," said Dr Trilling.

Habitable zones

Dr Trilling said that if planets did exist in dusty discs around these binaries, they might be at distances where the conditions could be hospitable for life.

"The Luke Skywalker picture is science fiction. But I don't see anything that's astronomically incorrect about it," said the University of Arizona researcher.

"With some of our systems, you could play with the geometry, put a planet there, get the temperatures right and make it look just like [Tatooine]."

"Of course, we don't know anything about planets in these systems - it's all imagination - but it looks fine."

Infographic, BBC






TOPICS: Miscellaneous; News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: binarystars; binarystarsystems; exoplanets; globalwarmingx2; nasa; planetarysystems; planets; sciencefiction; scifi; space; starsystems; starwars; xplanets
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This is kind of unsurprising since a lot of star systems are binary, or multiple star star systems. Though it could make planetary evolution more difficult.

Then again, if there were no planetary evolution......

1 posted on 03/29/2007 5:37:35 PM PDT by Jedi Master Pikachu
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If you're wondering, yes, this was posted because it had a Star Wars picture--along with being interesting in and of itself.

Linked pictures:

"A still from Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope. After discussing his future plans with his Uncle Owen, Luke Skywalker leaves the Lars Homestead and heads towards the vista to watch the twin suns of Tatooine set while he reflects upon his destiny. © Lucasfilm Ltd. & TM. All Rights Reserved."


2 posted on 03/29/2007 5:42:11 PM PDT by Jedi Master Pikachu ( What is your take on Acts 15:20 (abstaining from blood) about eating meat? Could you freepmail?)
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To: Jedi Master Pikachu

Two suns? Does that mean I tan twice as fast then?


3 posted on 03/29/2007 5:43:01 PM PDT by Extremely Extreme Extremist (Remember, don't shoot food!)
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To: Extremely Extreme Extremist
Two suns? Does that mean I tan twice as fast then?

Forget the tan... think about all those alien global warming crackpots!

4 posted on 03/29/2007 5:45:14 PM PDT by John123 (Bill barely mentions Hillary in his memoirs... I will now light myself on fire)
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To: KevinDavis

ping.


5 posted on 03/29/2007 5:48:20 PM PDT by Jedi Master Pikachu ( What is your take on Acts 15:20 (abstaining from blood) about eating meat? Could you freepmail?)
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To: RightWhale; Brett66; xrp; gdc314; anymouse; NonZeroSum; jimkress; discostu; The_Victor; ...
Better get SPF 9000....


6 posted on 03/29/2007 5:50:37 PM PDT by KevinDavis (?To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual ways of preserving peace? ?)
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Hey. How come the quote moved over? It should be aligned vertically with the picture above it.


7 posted on 03/29/2007 6:43:11 PM PDT by Jedi Master Pikachu ( What is your take on Acts 15:20 (abstaining from blood) about eating meat? Could you freepmail?)
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To: Jedi Master Pikachu
Unfortunately, the star system closest to our own, Alpha centauri, is a binary system where the stars orbit each other in 80 years with a mean separation of 23 astronomical units (1 astronomical unit = 1 AU = distance between the Sun and Earth). this puts them squarely in the area where no discs were observed.


8 posted on 03/29/2007 6:43:56 PM PDT by jmcenanly (Cowards take hostages. We do not.)
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To: KevinDavis
We got more than that here in PHX.


9 posted on 03/29/2007 6:47:17 PM PDT by Central Scrutiniser (Never Let a Fundie Near a Textbook. Teach Evolution!)
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To: Jedi Master Pikachu

The real story here is that Star Wars is 30 years old.


10 posted on 03/29/2007 6:48:10 PM PDT by Moonman62 (The issue of whether cheap labor makes America great should have been settled by the Civil War.)
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To: Jedi Master Pikachu
Juptiter failed becoming a second Sun for our Solar System.

Of course many heavenly bodies have two globes! It doesn't take a rocket scientist and shame on NASA for wasting research dollars on so obvious a fact!


11 posted on 03/29/2007 7:14:08 PM PDT by Young Werther ( and Julius Ceasar said, "quae cum ita sunt.")
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To: Jedi Master Pikachu

All you scientists out there -- for the medium distance binaries -- would it be possible for a planet to go around in a figure 8?


12 posted on 03/29/2007 8:09:42 PM PDT by scrabblehack
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To: scrabblehack

I would say it's possible, but not likely. Think of the free-return trajectory that Apollo used for the Moon landings. It is probably near impossible, because the star would naturally want to orbit one or both, elliptical orbits (or nearly-circular elliptical orbits) are the most common. It would take an extraordinary set of circumstances for a planet to enter into that sort of trajectory around two stars. That being said, anything's possible.


13 posted on 03/29/2007 10:16:32 PM PDT by AntiKev ("No damage. The world's still turning isn't it?" - Stereo Goes Stellar - Blow Me A Holloway)
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To: Jedi Master Pikachu
The world is so full of a number of things,
I’m sure we should all be as happy as kings.

14 posted on 03/29/2007 10:20:09 PM PDT by dighton
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To: Jedi Master Pikachu

LOL, funny thread title. Kinda backwards....


15 posted on 03/29/2007 10:20:58 PM PDT by Lancey Howard
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HD3651 A and B

Double sun sunset no longer science fiction

16 posted on 03/29/2007 10:25:47 PM PDT by SunkenCiv (I last updated my profile on Saturday, March 24, 2007. https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/)
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related:

Double sun sunset no longer science fiction
Science, Engineering & Technology News | January 24, 2007 | Scenta
Posted on 01/24/2007 11:24:07 AM EST by SunkenCiv
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/chat/1772892/posts


17 posted on 03/29/2007 10:26:31 PM PDT by SunkenCiv (I last updated my profile on Saturday, March 24, 2007. https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/)
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To: Central Scrutiniser

Well your Suns "setted" tonight against Golden State.


18 posted on 03/29/2007 10:27:27 PM PDT by dfwgator (The University of Florida - Championship U)
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/1742444/posts

..."It is a little-known fact that nearly 25 percent of the known extrasolar planets are in binary- or multiple-star systems," said Stephen Kortenkamp...


19 posted on 03/29/2007 10:30:08 PM PDT by SunkenCiv (I last updated my profile on Saturday, March 24, 2007. https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/)
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ARTIST'S CONCEPTION of proposed formation process for the multiple-star system L1551 IRS5, as revealed by observations with the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope. Top panel: large disk-like cloud of gas and dust rotates. Middle panel: two smaller disks of gas and dust fragment from the large disk and begin to condense into protostars, each having its own surrounding disk and shooting "jets" of material outward from the poles of its disk. Bottom panel: A third, smaller disk and protostar joins the sytem, either through the same fragmentation process or by being captured gravitationally by the larger protostars. CREDIT: Bill Saxton, NRAO/AUI/NSF

How Do Multiple-Star Systems Form?

20 posted on 03/29/2007 10:32:23 PM PDT by SunkenCiv (I last updated my profile on Saturday, March 24, 2007. https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/)
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