Thanks for the info linked in your # 16.
There's also the synthetic blood that's been tested in limited areas. I don't recall the name of the blood replacement or the manufacturer, but I read about it here on FR, and the debate between FReepers went much as this thread is tending.
The issue with this experimental synthetic blood is that it is able to deliver oxygen through the bloodstream, whereas the fluid administered by EMTs before you reach the hospital can only replace volume of blood lost (preventing cardiac arrest) but the brain and other organs are still depleted of oxygen until blood typing/administration can take place.
That's this layman's understanding. YMMV
That's pretty much the case for the currently used fluid in the field, yes, with the added proviso that it also can contain carbohydrates and other ingredients to try to ward off shock. It does not carry oxygen at all, and that's proven fatal every day in America - again, it's used because doing nothing will result in death, while this gives one a fighting chance.
The synthetic blood can carry oxygen and replace volume.