You probably couldn't have imagined such things would be argued so far in the future from 200 years ago.
How the pledge used to be performed...
"200 years ago there was no pledge. 53 years ago there was no "under God" phrase in the pledge."
I'm a visionary then; hey, what can I say? :O)
200 years ago prayers and Bible reading were an everyday occurrance in schools.
You probably couldn't have imagined such things would be argued so far in the future from 200 years ago.
No, but not for the reasons you imply. God used to be very much in the public square. Now God is virtually outlawed.
How the pledge used to be performed...
What year was that picture from? I was a child of the early 50's and we never saluted the flag like that...always with the hand over the heart!!
When and where?
I'm pretty old, and we all put our hand over our heart.
How the pledge used to be performed...Very cute #33- and MISLEADING. But you knew that didn't you.
The above pic, which you pulled off of Wiki is the BELLAMY Salute, with palms up - not, NOT the Nazi (or Roman) one which I think you're trying to infer.
Shame on you.