No they did not. And there was a minimum of 8 crusades, not 3. Infighting was more responsible for their failures than a-rabs and turks.
MANY Crusades. But when people discuss the era known as The Crusades they are discussing seven. The FIRST Crusade was the most successful. Began in 1098 and lasted a year. The Crusaders captured Jerusalem and established several states in the Middle East.
The Second Crusade (1146-1148) was a disasterous attempt to recapture a Crusader state, Edessa, which had been taken by the Muslims in 1147. This group was crushed before it even reached the Holy Land. Failure.
The Third Crusade (1188-1192) was called by Pope Gregory the VIII and was dominated by some strong personalities: King Richard (the Lion Hearted) Emperor Frederick Barbossa and King Phillip of France. They did not manage to retake Jerusalem. Failure.
The Fourth Crusade (1201-1204) was diverted from the QUEST to help press a claim to the throne of the Byzantine Empire. They sacked the city of Constantinople (before it was Istanbul of the Muslim world) and in so doing they SHOCKED Christendom and earned the undying enemity of the Byzantines. Failure.
The Fifth Crusade (1218-1221) focused on Egypt but was doomed by disunity and infighting. Failure.
The Sixth Crusade (1228-1229) was essentially a continuation of the fifth. The Crusaders were offered a 10 year truce in which they would regain Jerusalem, Bethelem and Nazareth. They accepted but they left the muslims in place without restriction. This made it inevitable that the muslims would retake those cities which they did. Failure.
The Seventh Crusade (1248-1250) was the best equipped and best organized of all the Crusades. It was led by Pious French King Louis the IX. They tried to take Cairo but were defeated. Shortly thereafter Louis himself was captured...but eventually ransomed. Failure.
Class is concluded. There will be a test on Chapter twelve next Friday. OH. Wait. School doesn't start for three more weeks!!! Sheeeesh make me go back to work early! Shame on you!