Posted on 12/05/2005 4:06:56 AM PST by PatrickHenry
The leaders of the intelligent design movement are once again holding court in America, defending themselves against charges that ID is not science. One of the expert witnesses is Michael Behe, author of the ID movements seminal volume Darwins Black Box. Behe, a professor of biochemistry at Lehigh University, testified about the scientific character of ID in Kitzmiller v. Dover School District, the court case of eight families suing the school district and the school board in Dover, Pa., for mandating the teaching of intelligent design.
Under cross-examination, Behe made many interesting comparisons between ID and the big-bang theory both concepts carry lots of ideological freight. When the big-bang theory was first proposed in the 1920s, many people made hostile objections to its apparent supernatural character. The moment of the big bang looked a lot like the Judeo-Christian creation story, and scientists from Quaker Sir Arthur Eddington to gung-ho atheist Fred Hoyle resisted accepting it.
In his testimony, Behe stated correctly that at the current moment, we have no explanation for the big bang. And, ultimately it may prove to be beyond scientific explanation, he said. The analogy is obvious: I put intelligent design in the same category, he argued.
This comparison is quite interesting. Both ID and the big-bang theory point beyond themselves to something that may very well lie outside of the natural sciences, as they are understood today. Certainly nobody has produced a simple model for the bigbang theory that fits comfortably within the natural sciences, and there are reasons to suppose we never will.
In the same way, ID points to something that lies beyond the natural sciences an intelligent designer capable of orchestrating the appearance of complex structures that cannot have evolved from simpler ones. Does this claim not resemble those made by the proponents of the big bang? Behe asked.
However, this analogy breaks down when you look at the historical period between George Lemaitres first proposal of the big-bang theory in 1927 and the scientific communitys widespread acceptance of the theory in 1965, when scientists empirically confirmed one of the big bangs predictions.
If we continue with Behes analogy, we might expect that the decades before 1965 would have seen big-bang proponents scolding their critics for ideological blindness, of having narrow, limited and inadequate concepts of science. Popular books would have appeared announcing the big-bang theory as a new paradigm, and efforts would have been made to get it into high school astronomy textbooks.
However, none of these things happened. In the decades before the big-bang theory achieved its widespread acceptance in the scientific community its proponents were not campaigning for public acceptance of the theory. They were developing the scientific foundations of theory, and many of them were quite tentative about their endorsements of the theory, awaiting confirmation.
Physicist George Gamow worked out a remarkable empirical prediction for the theory: If the big bang is true, he calculated, the universe should be bathed in a certain type of radiation, which might possibly be detectable. Another physicist, Robert Dicke, started working on a detector at Princeton University to measure this radiation. Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson ended up discovering the radiation by accident at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, N.J., in 1965, after which just about everyone accepted the big bang as the correct theory.
Unfortunately, the proponents of ID arent operating this way. Instead of doing science, they are writing popular books and op-eds. As a result, ID remains theoretically in the same scientific place it was when Phillip Johnson wrote Darwin on Trial little more than a roster of evolutionary theorys weakest links.
When Behe was asked to explicate the science of ID, he simply listed a number of things that were complex and not adequately explained by evolution. These structures, he said, were intelligently designed. Then, under cross-examination, he said that the explanation for these structures was intelligent activity. He added that ID explains things that appear to be intelligently designed as having resulted from intelligent activity. |
Behe denied that this reasoning was tautological and compared the discernment of intelligently designed structures to observing the Sphinx in Egypt and concluding that it could not have been produced by non-intelligent causes. This is a winsome analogy with a lot of intuitive resonance, but it is hardly comparable to Gamows carefully derived prediction that the big bang would have bathed the universe in microwave radiation with a temperature signature of 3 degrees Kelvin.
After more than a decade of listening to ID proponents claim that ID is good science, dont we deserve better than this?
Really...you meant electrical engineer? Maybe his PhD in communications science escaped your vast knowledge? I see you ignore his message theory history. Let's face it, his mathematical credentials likely beat yours any day of the millenia...
he pretty much recapitulates Behe, and the rest of the current crop of darwinian naysayers,
I see you haven't read him, since you are 100% wrong as the book is a critical survey of the anti-creationists in the origins debate. Manifestly you aren't conversant with his treatise, let alone scientifically open-minded.
and his big falsifiable test for ID is to search for "Kilroy was here" encoded in some musty corner of the genome.
Read the book. Then you will stop mindlessly disparaging that which you should be studying...
A small quote from the preface should help you apprehend that your mistakes:
"The reader should not assume I align myself with the present body of creationist literature--on most occasions my disagreement with it is substantial. I have also been dismayed by evolutionists, who, for reasons of their own, felt unmoved to respond to the creatinists' legitimate arguments until prodded by multiple cases of serious legal action. This is a sorry but perhaps realistic view of how "science" often operates. I believe science can only benefit from the dialogue on origins. I disagree with those nay-sayers who declare the sky will fall if we lend an ear to the creationists. An an adversarial diaologue, responsibly undertaken, can only improve our science and understanding."
I should also mention that here in the Minnesota academic scene, that evolutionary pugilist PZ (little Paul) Meyers (from UofM Morris) FLEES at the approach of Remine, whom he cannot begin to refute effectively. Chicken. And he is your best. Has issues with his impoverished childhood in Washington state, hence he apparently blames the Universe or God for them, and thus tries to get back at God, by denying him. Pathetic.
Try not to break your arm patting yourself on the back. The question compulsively put before the house is whether or not ID is any kind of even marginally reputable science, and of course, it is not. This has little to do with whether or not it's true, and I expect opinions around here are pretty evenly scattered through quite a wide spectrum on the subject.
"The question compulsively put before the house is whether or not ID is any kind of even marginally reputable science..."
Reputable scientists take facts as known and then posit ID theories based on them. Why is this intellectually invalid? Not testable or falsifiable, like Darwinism?
Although fossil species appear to persist unchanged through many strata, sequences of species clearly showing evolutionary trends abound, and records of one species transforming into another also exist (see below) although such are rare. And, of course fossil species are fully formed and functional! A partially formed and nonfunctional organism would die before or shortly after birth. Such species couldn't possibly exist to form fossils. Actually the phrase "fully formed" is used by Gould (1977) to describe the first appearance of a species in the fossil record. Gould simply meant that usually such species have all the features that characterize them throughout their subsequent period of stasis. He did not mean that higher categories (genera, families, orders, etc) appear fully formed in this sense (they don't) nor did he mean that transitional forms are not fully formed in the sense that they are incomplete and nonfunctional.Unline you I will provide a link - I found this here.
So evidently I was wrong - even though he quoted it, it is Gould's term. I find that usage quite unobjectional, indeed how can one object to the idea that species have defining characteristics and that some earliest fossil will have them? I'm sure that's what you intended to convey in your post (yeah, right).
I agree. Now if you could just get the proponents of ID to agree to use the scientific method as well, none of us would have anything to argue about.
Well, not only is that not a prediction (because it is not derived from a logical argument) but it isn't testable because the notion is too ill defined. Is he being more specific than I infer from your comments?
Gould. Sorry, I thought it was clear from the context.
I see you haven't read him, since you are 100% wrong as the book is a critical survey of the anti-creationists in the origins debate. Manifestly you aren't conversant with his treatise, let alone scientifically open-minded.
and his big falsifiable test for ID is to search for "Kilroy was here" encoded in some musty corner of the genome.
Read the book. Then you will stop mindlessly disparaging that which you should be studying...
Let's examine a longer extract from your cite:
Half the book dismantles evolutionary illusions, such as:
* The carnival shell game maneuvering behind natural selection and the anthropic principle.
* The inability of evolutionary geneticists to make their models consistent with their claims and the data.
* The flexibility and untestability of evolutionary theory, it has no coherent structure. Many evolutionists are quoted to demonstrate the contradictions within evolutionary theory.
* The philosophical double-standards held by evolutionists, one standard for creation, and a lesser one for evolution.
* The misuse of terminology and classification methods to create evolutionary illusions.
* The fossil record systematically refutes the predictions of Darwinism. This is documented by quoting evolutionists themselves.
* Punctuationists (such as Stephen Gould) responded to their setbacks by constructing a theory that is compatible with a complete absence of evidence for evolution. Few students know that punctuated equilibria theory is specially constructed to destroy the appearance of lineages and identifiable ancestors.
The analysis of evolutionary theory receives praise from creationists and evolutionists alike.
The other half of the book is more controversial. The book doesn't just take shots at evolution, it actively proposes a scientifically testable creation theory to take its place. The new theory overturns Darwin's and Gould's arguments about "imperfect" designs, and most notably, the evolutionist's central argument the nested pattern of life. The full range of biological issues are discussed, from vestigial organs, to embryology, to biomolecules, to biogeography, and more.
The central claims of the theory are simple and plausible: Life was reasonably designed for survival, and to convey a message that tells where life came from. The message can be described in two parts:
1. Life was designed to look like the product of a single designer.
2. Life was designed to resist all other explanations.
In other words, evolutionary theory helped shape the pattern of life with a reverse impact. Life was intricately designed to resist all evolutionary explanations, not just Darwin's or Lamarck's.
As anyone who takes the trouble to look can see, I have accurately characterized the book, if the publishers have.
And that's regardless of my credentials in mathematics.
What is "message theory" anyway? And what does a phud in "communications theory" mean that you know? Transmission entropy a' la Shannon? How to find the ring line in a phone cable? Chomsky? Kauffman? Alfred Adler?
A reasonable evolutionary pathway for the bacterial flagellum has been uncovered. I suppose "reasonable" is in the eye of the beholder. However, if you find flaws with the research content of the following, please post them:
You're right. I never went back to the dialogue before the long quote until it was too late.
What is this, freakin' first grade? I posted Gould's full writing from the quote onward to provide context regarding Gould's outlook on gradualism, which is what he is criticising. No surprise there, he's the guru of PE. He is NOT saying Evolution is wrong. He is critiquing a particular school of thought within in it. And not everyone agrees with his analyisis of things. He has also, as here, been guilty of sometimes writing in a manner easily open to multiple interpretations. It's his fault. No doubt about that. He's a brilliant guy, but sometimes his communications skills seem a bit muddled.
Well, not only is that not a prediction
It sounds like a prediction to me: if we look hard enough, we will find an unmistakable message encoded in DNA that intends to tell us that only God can make a tree.
(because it is not derived from a logical argument)
I don't think Virtually anything of any great general interest, that I am aware of in science, is derived from logical argument.
but it isn't testable because the notion is too ill defined. Is he being more specific than I infer from your comments?
You could read for yourself the publishers (I presume) comments just above. I'm undecided, but this is probably just a sort of inverted variation on Behe's defense: just because you can't find this message from God in the DNA, will never prove it ain't there.
When Isaac Asimov used to get cornered at booksignings by creationists, he would begin to feverishly pitch the theory that animals spoke the King's English 10,000 years ago. Being Isaac Asimov, he could, of course, present reams of evidence in support of this theory, which he insistently presented, until his protagonists retreated. Who knows, perhaps animals did speak the king's english in 8000BC. After all, evidence is evidence, right?
You do seem to assume a lot.
Science does not make a base assumption that there can only be material explanations.
Funny, that is not what you said earlier: donh(672): Science concerns itself with material explanations of material phenomenon, because that's the function of science.
Just for review:
Materialism is the philosophical view that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter; that fundamentally, all things are composed of 'material' and all phenomena are the result of material interactions.
Your first definition of the function of science is the textbook definition of materialism.
Science merely makes a base assumption that material explanations are science's only realm of competence.
The Dogma of Materialism states science's only realm of competence is material explanations - this is not an immutable fact (it is materialistic dogma). Like I said - some base their thinking on the assumption of materialism. Science is only supposed to go where the data leads - you are adding dogma.
Speaking of not understanding - donh, how do you reconcile these two statement you just made in #699:
donh(699): Science does not make a base assumption that there can only be material explanations.
donh(699): Science merely makes a base assumption that material explanations are science's only realm of competence.
In the first statement you say science does not make base assumptions that can only be material explanations and in the second statement you say science makes base assumptions that science can only find material explanations.
Science can find anything. Science can find evidence of a deity - or something we currently feel is supernatural. Science can go wherever the data leads unless it is shackled by dogma such as the dogma of materialism where it is assumed every explanation must be material. This is not to say I am certain there are explanations outside the realm of the material - just that it is possible and science is no longer science when it starts with base assumptions that are based on dogma.
This is an epistimological claim...
Of course it is - it is the dogma of the philosophy of Materialism. What do you think the term "epistemological dogma" means? Try this example:
The impressive successes of technology not only continuously strengthened this aspect [rationality] of reality but they finally also caused the rise of the epistemological dogma that science and technology offer the only access to reality.
-Kurt Hübner, Philosophy of Modern Art and the Philosophy of Technology (an interesting read on a different subject: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v4n1/HUBNER.html)
and so it is not, as you persist in claiming, dogma
Poppycock. It is philosophical dogma - the dogma of Materialism. Your denial is not very convincing.
and it is not, as you persist in claiming, at odds with supernatural explanations commonly held by most Judeo-christians.
I never made any such claim.
ID uses the scientific method to the exact same extent as those that claim to refute it.
Let's say there were two primitive, hunter-gatherer societies. One of them had a culture that encouraged cooperation, including things like "don't murder each other", "don't take other peoples' things", "tell the truth", etc. The other society had a culture that encouraged short-term gain at the expense of other members.
Which one do you think would be more likely to grow? Why? Which one would be more likely to perform collective actions in an emergency? Or rescue someone else's children from a sabretooth?
We're all cultural descendents of the successful cultures. A non-genetic Darwinian mechanism has removed the others.
Consider that the ancient Greeks, Romans, Chinese, Japanese, Hindu, etc etc *all* have laws againsts murder, theft, adultery (not always defined exactly the way we do), and so forth. None of them received the Decalogue.
donh(699): Science does not make a base assumption that there can only be material explanations.
donh(699): Science merely makes a base assumption that material explanations are science's only realm of competence.
Perhaps if you stopped foaming at the mouth, and cut down your freighted verbiage count substantially, your brain could relax enough to examine what is in front of your eyes. I do not need to reconcile these statements because they are not in conflict. I'll not be answering the rest of your post because I don't understand it, and your demeanor is too abrasive to motivate me to try to untangle this vague philosophical ramble.
Oh, I guess maybe I can make sense of what's going on here after all.
Science looks only at detectable stuff, and tries to explain what it sees in terms of detectable stuff. Explanations in terms of as yet indetectable stuff, such as God, or ID or string theory or continental drift, or a relative universe, have to eventually put up or shut up in terms of detectability.
The only claim science makes about indectable causes, such as God or ID, is that it doesn't know squat.
since it seems to bear repeating in formal philosophical vocabulary: philosophical materialism holds that material is all there is. Neither science nor I advance this claim, no matter how hard you squint in order to see the use of the word "material" as a claim to formal philosophical materialism.
I might not have been clear. I was saying that it isn't a *scientific* prediction because it doesn't follow from any theory (or at least I doubt he has so derived it). Obviously there is more to science than predictions, things like facts, theories, laws, experiments.
I'm sure you do, Madame Defarge.
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