Group Aims to Save Rattlesnakes in New York Park

Westport, New York: The ponytailed environmentalist hiked down the ridge, over the gray rocks and matted brown leaves, stopped among the hardwoods, and said, "Right down the side, it's prime country here."

The warm, southeast-facing rock cliffs overlooking Lake Champlain mark the northern limit of the Timber Rattlesnake's habitat. Jaime Ethier, in boots and jeans, was bushwhacking from Champlain Palisades down to the pebbled shores of the lake - through terrain where he wouldn't see a coiled dark snake unless he nearly stepped on it. The Adirondack Council conservation director appeared unconcerned. He kept going off the trail to peer into crevices likely to hold a den of poisonous reptiles, whose spiky tails make the telltale rattle or buzzing sound when disturbed. He'd met a rattlesnake almost two years earlier in this forest 110 miles north of Albany and wanted to see another. Ethier was out of luck on a day of overcast skies and temperatures in the mid-50s, probably still too cool for the snakes.

Ethier's group wants to undo state conservation plans to allow mountain bikes in this neck of the 6-million-acre Adirondack Park, afraid cyclists will kill rattlers. Protected by state law, rattlers are considered a threatened species in New York, where bounties that led to their widespread killing were outlawed in 1971. State wildlife officials estimate New York has 3,000 to 6,000 rattlesnakes left, mostly around the Hudson Highlands and a dozen Adirondack dens.

But the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service has declined to list them under the federal Endangered Species Act. "There are so few statewide, we feel that losing one or two to a mountain bike would be a tragedy," explained John Sheehan, the council's spokesman. With more than 1,000 miles of trails and primitive roads already open to mountain bikes in the park, the group sees no need to add "recreational conflicts" to the rattlesnake's diminishing range.

Cyclists counter that riding on 5 miles of trails in the Split Rock Mountain Wild Forest will do little harm. "It's a low probability that a biker's going to run a snake over," said Paul Capone, trail coordinator for the Adirondack Park Mountain Biking Initiative. "I'm sure there are rattlesnakes in that area, but for the most part I would say they prefer the habitat on the rocky open areas where bikes will not be riding." Bikes are allowed in 1.3 million acres of Adirondack wild forest and excluded from 1 million acres of more primitive wilderness areas. But as state officials issue new forest conservation plans, cyclists are losing ground. At Split Rock Mountain, they're being kept off trails down to the shoreline. "The reason people like to go there is access to Lake Champlain," Capone said. "It's kind of a critical time for mountain biking."

Wildlife biologists say it's also a critical time for Timber Rattlesnakes, whose bite is seldom fatal to humans (they don't always inject venom). Fear, misunderstanding, development sprawl and their attraction as dead curios or live pets have shrunk numbers, habitat and prospects. Timber Rattlesnakes are found in rugged terrain and hardwood forests from east Texas to southern Wisconsin, and from north Florida to a spot in New Hampshire. Believed gone entirely from Maine and Rhode Island, they are considered threatened or endangered in the Northeast except Pennsylvania, which has licensed hunting.

Rattlers hibernate in winter and are active from about May through September. Females start reproducing at age 8 or 9, giving birth to litters of five to 12 every few years. They mate in late August. "Given their low reproductive rate along with a high mortality rate of young, as well as being killed or captured by humans, the Timber Rattlesnake is in serious trouble in the Northeast," James Beemer, a civilian Defense Department biologist, wrote in a 2001 study.

With no reports of snake-cyclist incidents in the Tongue Mountain Range above Lake George, where mountain biking is allowed on certain trails away from the dens, the state Department of Environmental Conservation says it expects none above Lake Champlain either but will monitor it. Rattlers have not been responsible for any fatalities in New York for decades. Unless you try to pick up or harass one, you stand a better chance of being struck by lightning than bitten, Beemer said.

After studying Timber Rattlesnakes for more than a decade on the U.S. Military Academy's reserve in the Hudson Highlands, he notes that the ambush hunters are deadly to mice, chipmunks and squirrels but are "extremely shy" of humans and will hide or try to leave unnoticed.

Don't laugh - it's already been set up -

According to the GBA, reserves would include wilderness areas and national parks while inner buffer zones would permit no agriculture, no more than 0.5 miles of road per square mile of land, primitive camping, and only light selection harvesting of forests. The June 25, 1993 issue of Science magazine reports that the plan calls for 23.4% of the land to be put into wilderness (no human use) and 26.2% into corridors and human buffer zones (very limited use by humans).

Return to the Wilderness

The Wildlands Project is a massive program for restructuring society around nature as the organizing principle. The concept is Foreman's, but the plan was developed by Dr. Reed Noss under grants from The Nature Conservancy and the National Audubon Society. It was first published in Wild Earth, a publication of the Cenozoic Society, of which Foreman is chairman. Funded by the Ira Hiti Foundation for Deep Ecology, 75,000 copies of the plan were produced and distributed. The Wildlands Project was set up as a corporation with offices in Arizona and Oregon; Foreman is Chairman of the Board; Reed Noss is a Director.

Working in tandem with the Wildlands Project is the Biosphere Reserve Program, a creation of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The objective of the program, conceived in 1971, has been to designate sites worldwide for preservation and to protect the biodiversity of chosen sites on a global level. Toward that end, the Sierra Club has redrawn the map of North America into 21 "bioregions."

wildusa.jpg (460472 bytes)

In turn, each of the 21 bioregions has been divided into three zones:

(1) Wilderness area, designated as habitat of plants and animals. Human habitation, use, or intrusion is forbidden.
(2) Buffer zones surrounding the wilderness areas. Limited, and strictly controlled, human access is permitted within this zone.
(3) Cooperation zones, the only zones where humans will be permitted to live.

According to Dr. Michael Coffman of Environmental Perspectives, Inc., a strategy to implement reserves and corridors in the northern Rockies would be to:

1) Start with a seemingly innocent-sounding program like the "World Heritage Areas in Danger." Bring all human activity under regulation in a 14-18 million acre buffer zone around Yellowstone National Park.
2) Next, declare all federal land (except Indian reservations) as buffers, along with private land within federal administration boundaries.
3) Next, extend the U.S. Heritage corridor buffer zone concept along major river systems. Begin to convert critical federal lands and ecosystems to reserves.
4) Finally, convert all U.S. Forest Service, grasslands, and wildlife refuges to reserves. Add missing reserves and corridors so that 50 percent of landscape is preserved. [Based on United Nations World Heritage Program; United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, Article 8a-e; United Nations Global Biodiversity Assessment, Section 10.4.2.2.3; U.S. Man and the Biosphere Strategic Plan (1994 draft); U.S. Heritage Corridors Program; and "The Wildlands Project," (published in Wild Earth, Dec. 1992). Also, see Science, "The High Cost of Biodiversity," Vol. 280, June 25, 1993, pp.1868-1871.]
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Click here for the whole story....including the map that refused to come up on this post. People are asleep at the wheel as we have America stolen from Americans!

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