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But Congress stepped in when it came to the nation’s foundational document, thanks to Sen. Robert Byrd, the West Virginia Democrat who keeps a copy of the Constitution in his pocket. Byrd inserted the Constitution lesson mandate into a massive spending bill in 2004, frustrated by what he called a huge ignorance on the part of many Americans about history.

It so happened that the Education Department’s new guidelines emerged just as Byrd and the Senate, engaged in a fight over judicial filibusters, debated the Constitution’s checks and balances.

Neither the department nor Congress has required a specific curriculum or a particular interpretation of the Constitution, Byrd said in an interview Monday.

“I hope that schools will develop many different, creative ways to enable students to learn about one of our country’s most important historic documents,” he said. “The Constitution protects their freedoms and will impact all facets of their lives.”