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Kim Young-hwan used to be a major figure in leftwing underground student circles in 80's. He was called the godfather of Juche ideology among leftwing students. He went by a pen-name "Kang-chol." He propagated Juche ideology among students, using a underground publication known as "Kang-chol Letters." He is arguably the best authority of Juche ideology in S. Korea, next to Hwang Jang-yop, the original architect of Juche ideology and now a defector in the South. He even went to N. Korea, contacting N. Korean spy and riding a N. Korean submarine to Pyongyang. He actually met Kim Il-sung and talked for two hours face-to-face, an astonishing fete. However, he recollected that he was disappointed at Kim Il-sung afterwards, because Kim Il-sung himself knew surprisingly little about Juche ideology. In his observation, Kim's knowledge of Marx-Leninism was OK. In mid-90's, he had a major change of heart, especially finding out widespread famine in N. Korea. He flipped 180 degrees. He is now a N. Korean human-right activist, and working for ending tyranny in the North and bring democracy. He has become, in short, the implacable enemy of N. Korean regime, and one of the best theoreticians against N. Korean ideology.