Posted on 04/08/2005 7:50:39 AM PDT by Liz
View of the Cathedra Petri through the Baldacchino, both by Gianlorenzo Bernini
The Cross and Apse
Baldacchino: Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1624-33, gilt bronze, ht. c.100 feet, San Pietro (St. Peter's), Rome.
As part of the decoration of Saint Peter's in Rome by Pope Urban VIII (1568-1644) [Maffeo Barberini], Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1680) received the commission for the design and construction of a structure that would be placed over the tomb of St. Peter in the crossing of the newly rebuilt basilica.
The resulting structure, known as the Baldacchino, is a combination of ideas that stem from earlier attempts at distinguishing the high altar and the tomb.
Many of the design elements such as the spiral column establish a link to the basilica of Old Saint Peter's and to the Temple in Jerusalem.
It is important to realize that Bernini early on in his career to the time of his death had always some connection to the decoration of Saint Peter's. It is his overall view of what the basilica should look like that makes Bernini's designs the essence of the Baroque style.
The size of the Baldacchino is approximately 100 feet tall. However, when compared with earlier models, it was not that much taller. Depending on where the structure was placed, either in the apse or over the tomb, and if it was part of a screen separating the choir from the nave, the earlier versions were just as large.
The Baldacchino is constructed from bronze, much of it stolen from the Pantheon (portico) and from the dome of St. Peter's (ribs). The height of the Baldacchino is supported by the use of bronze, rather than the perishable materials used in earlier versions.
The spiral columns of the Baldacchino are imitations of the ancient spiral shafts that were salvaged from the Old St. Peters and earlier basilica decoration. The original columns were moved to decorate the reliquary niches in the four corners of the crossing. In Bernini's version of the column, instead of alternating fluted and floral sections, he has placed the fluted section at the bottom and the remaining sections are foliage, consisting of the Barberini laurels.
1 Medieval folklore stated that the bodies of St. Peter and St. Paul were divided, half of each is buried in St. Peter's basilica and the other halves are buried at St. Paul's Outside the Walls (Lavin, 1) Atop the four columns that support the canopy of the Baldacchino stand four angels, over life-size. The affect that the angels produce suggests that they are what is supporting the canopy and not the columns (Lavin, 12).
The crown is comprised of four curved ribs that support a globe and cross. Records indicate that the globe and cross were not in the original plans by Bernini. Bernini's concept was to have the Resurrected Christ aloft the crown, as it would have worked in his entire plan of the crossing decoration. Between the angels, there are two putti that hold the papal tiara and St. Peter's keys, and two more putti hold a sword and book, symbols of St. Paul.1
Throughout the decorative elements on the Baldacchino are the symbols of Urban VIII, sun and bees, as well as the laurel of the Barberini family (mentioned above).
Bernini managed to fuse together parts of earlier ciboria and baldachin constructed in St. Peters, while adding elements that were indicative of his style.
Cathedra Petri
Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1656-66, gilt bronze, marble, stucco, glass, San Pietro, Rome
The crowning achievement of Bernini's design for the decoration of St. Peter's can be found in his later work Cathedra Petri (Chair of St. Peter) located in the apse of the basilica. This large reliquary was designed to house the original wooden chair of St. Peter's. In ecclesiastic tradition, Bishops always have their seats in the chief church of their district (cathedra=cathedral), and the Pope has his seat in St. John's in Lateran. Symbolically, the chair of St. Peter recognizes that St. Peter was the first pope and that San Pietro is and forever shall be his seat.
The Cathedra Petri is similar to Bernini's other works, like the Ecstasy of St. Theresa, in that it is not a single piece to be viewed by itself. Rather, the Cathedra Petri should be viewed in conjunction with the Baldacchino and the four pier sculptures.
Right: Detail, St. Augustine, gilt bronze, located proper right of the sculpture. Represents one of the Doctors of the church from the West. Far Right: Detail, St. Athanasius, gilt bronze, located inside proper left of the sculpture. Represents one of the four Doctors of the church from the East.
The base of the sculpture is made of colored marble. The Fathers or Doctors of the Church (Sts. Ambrose, Athanasius, John Chrysostom, and Augustine) and the Chair are made of bronze, partly gilded. The original chair is housed in the bronze chair that is flanked by the Fathers or Doctors of the Church. The chair appears to hover by divine will.
Above the chair is what is commonly known as the Glory. This is a combination of stucco putti and angels surrounding a stained glass window that is the actual light source for the apse. Bernini was disappointed with the original window and the glare that it created, so he incorporated it into the final product of Cathedra Petri. The window and dove act as the light and word of God and the Holy Spirit. Bernini diffused the light by using colored glass and reduced the harsh glare he so detested.
Details, The Glory, stucco and stained glass. The overall effect of the Cathedra Petri is awe-inspiring; rays of light, made in stucco, jut out from the real source of light. So much emotion is worked into the piece by the expression on the Doctors' faces and the movement of the putti and angels. Also located on the Cathedra Petri are bas relief of Washing of the Feet and The Handing Over of the Keys to St. Peter, created by Bernini. On the back side is a bas relief regarding Christ's decree to St. Peter, "watch over my flock."
Bernini reduced the size of the Cathedra Petri so that it could be viewed in its entirety through the Baldacchino. In that view, Bernini emphasized the importance of the relics contained in each and the foundation of the Church.
Created by Gwen M. McKinney, mckinney03@sbc.edu, 13 April 2003
Thanks for the tip, my son will be there this summer and I sent your comment to him....he will have nearly 5 weeks in Rome, do you have any more suggestions?
Mmmmmmm.......it's been said that wine in Italy is cheaper than water.....and much tastier (grin).
Pope John Paul II's Staff Was Work of Santa Fe Sculptor
Albuquerque Journal | Wednesday, April 6, 2005 | Laura Banish
Posted on 04/06/2005 10:32:58 AM PDT by woofie
The staff, or crosier, is topped with a bowed crucifix and a gaunt yet unwavering Christ figure— the work of Santa Fe sculptor Gib Singleton. Singleton, who suffers from emphysema, declined to be interviewed by the Journal due to health problems and because he does not want to commercialize the pope's death, according to friends and Fenton Moore, director of Santa Fe's Gallerie Zuger, where Singleton's work is shown.
An 18-inch bronze version of the pope's crucifix is on display at Shidoni Foundry, about five miles north of Santa Fe. Singleton used to work at Shidoni, and some of his other religious figures, including a striking statue of Moses, are also on display there.
"Gib's the kind of person who can read someone's personality and can capture it three-dimensionally," Shidoni president Scott Hicks said Tuesday. "To see his work have meaning to someone so important as the pope is really great."
Singleton's sculptures are well-known around the world. Some of his pieces are featured in the permanent collections of the Vatican Museum, New York's Museum of Modern Art, the State of Israel and the Cowboy Hall of Fame in Oklahoma.
Years ago, Singleton was asked to assist in the restoration process when Michelangelo's Pieta was vandalized at the Vatican. He served as the Vatican's restoration specialist for three years. Tommy Hicks, owner of Shidoni and Singleton's longtime friend, said Shidoni's bronze version of the crucifix like the one on the papal staff was likely made in 1975.
Hicks believes the silver version now on display as Pope John Paul II lies in state was made sometime earlier for a cardinal, who later gave it to the pope. It may have been cast in Italy, he said.
REST HERE http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1378567/posts
Thank you. Before I die, I want to see this in person.
Nor, I am sure, does my memory. I fear I must return to Florence to refresh my recollection :)
FR could use an art ping list. Is there one, do you know? Thanks for the post.
If you start one, please put me on it. Thanks.
I agree. Great post!
Darn it all----forced to return to Italy. Tough.
OK, I'll start compiling names from this thread, I guess. Anyone who wishes to be on an art ping list, let me know.
Thanks
I was in Italy 2 years ago ...3rd trip
Venice is my favorite and the Amalfi(sp?) coast
Thank you for posting this. I thought it was Giacometti.
stick me on your list
OK, you're on.
Back later.
The overall effect of the Cathedra Petri is awe-inspiring; rays of light, made in stucco, jut out from the real source of light. So much emotion is worked into the piece by the expression on the Doctors' faces and the movement of the putti and angels.
Also located on the Cathedra Petri are bas relief of Washing of the Feet and The Handing Over of the Keys to St. Peter, created by Bernini. On the back side is a bas relief regarding Christ's decree to St. Peter, "watch over my flock."
Bernini reduced the size of the Cathedra Petri so that it could be viewed in its entirety through the Baldacchino. In that view, Bernini emphasized the importance of the relics contained in each and the foundation of the Church.
I've never understood the anglicization of Michelangelo's name: Michaelangelo. And worse, its done halfway. Michele is changed to Michael, but angelo is not changed to angel. Might as well be consistent and say, Leonard da Vinci. It just strikes me as wrong and disrespectful. (not aiming this at you by the way)
Michelangelo's incomparable marble---The Pieta---c. 1498-99 (5 3/4 x 6 ft) at the Basilica of St Peter, the Vatican.
Fantastico.
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