An interesting concept.
For this to be workable, these modules will have to be able to remanufacture damaged components. They will probably have to be coded with amino acids or some such to provide such information.
I'm not quite sure how well it would work to blaze through a planet's atmosphere, but I suppose it is conceptually feasible to break up into tiny dust fragments and then reassemble somehow [a century later] when they finally drift to ground, or even in the air. Lots of fodder for research projects here.
I admit this is interesting...