I'm not sure how you're wording this. The "pretty much standard" load in the Civil War was a Muzzle loaded .58 Minie.
Then the 50-70 in a trapdoor.
Followed by a 45-70 again in a trapdoor.
Next came the .30 Krag with the Krag-Jorgenson.
30-06, 1903 Springfield.
30-06, M1 Garand
7.62 X 51[.308], M-14
5.56,[.223] M-16
I am not talking about just military loads. However you did miss two. We had a rifle that one of my relatives brought home from the Spanish Armerican war and it was a bolt action, tube loaded 45/70. Also when the 03 Springfield first came out, it used the 30-03 instead of the 30-06. It was a 30 cal with a 220 or 240 grain bullet. The long range ballistics on it were horrible so they went to the 30-06 with about a 165 grain bullet or so. Trust me, I lost a bet on that one. Look it up.