And then the 45-90 and 50-90. I think that is about as far as it went.
I'm not sure how you're wording this. The "pretty much standard" load in the Civil War was a Muzzle loaded .58 Minie.
Then the 50-70 in a trapdoor.
Followed by a 45-70 again in a trapdoor.
Next came the .30 Krag with the Krag-Jorgenson.
30-06, 1903 Springfield.
30-06, M1 Garand
7.62 X 51[.308], M-14
5.56,[.223] M-16