Posted on 08/27/2004 5:03:38 AM PDT by ckilmer
Doctors Grow New Jaw Bone in Man's Back
6 minutes ago
By EMMA ROSS, AP Medical Writer
LONDON - A German who had his lower jaw cut out because of cancer has enjoyed his first meal in nine years — a bratwurst sandwich — after surgeons grew a new jaw bone in his back muscle and transplanted it to his mouth in what experts call an "ambitious" experiment.
AP Photo
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According to this week's issue of The Lancet medical journal, the German doctors used a mesh cage, a growth chemical and the patient's own bone marrow, containing stem cells, to create a new jaw bone that fit exactly into the gap left by the cancer surgery.
Tests have not been done yet to verify whether the bone was created by the blank-slate stem cells and it is too early to tell whether the jaw will function normally in the long term. But the operation is the first published report of a whole bone being engineered and incubated inside a patient's body and transplanted.
Stem cells are the master cells of the body that go on to become every tissue in the body. They are a hot area of research with scientists trying to find ways to prompt them to make desired tissues, and perhaps organs.
But while researchers debate whether the technique resulted in a scientific advance involving stem cells, the operation has achieved its purpose and changed a life, said Stan Gronthos, a stem cell expert at the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science in Adelaide, Australia.
"A patient who had previously lost his mandible (lower jaw) through the result of a destructive tumor can now sit down and chew his first solid meals in nine years ... resulting in an improved quality of life," said Gronthos, who was not connected with the experiment.
The operation was done by Dr. Patrick Warnke, a reconstructive facial surgeon at the University of Kiel in Germany. The patient, a 56-year-old man, had his lower jaw and half his tongue cut out almost a decade ago after getting mouth cancer. Since then, he had only been able to slurp soft food or soup from a spoon.
In similar cases, doctors can sometimes replace a lost jawbone by cutting out a piece of bone from the lower leg or from the hip and chiseling it to fit into the mouth.
This patient could not have that procedure because he was taking a potent blood thinner for another condition and doctors considered it too dangerous to harvest bone from elsewhere in his body since extraction leaves a hole where the bone is taken, creating an extra risk of bleeding.
Artificial jaws made from plastic or other materials are not used because they pose too much of a risk of infection.
"He demanded reconstruction," Warnke said. "This patient was really sick of living."
Warnke and his group began by creating a virtual jaw on a computer, after making a three-dimensional scan of the patient's mouth.
The information was used to create a thin titanium micro-mesh cage. Several cow-derived pure bone mineral blocks the size of sugar lumps where then put inside the structure, along with a human growth factor that builds bone and a large squirt of blood extracted from the man's bone marrow, which contains stem cells.
The surgeons then implanted the mesh cage and its contents into the muscle below the patient's right shoulder blade. He was given no drugs, other than routine antibiotics to prevent infection from the surgery.
The implant was left in for seven weeks, when scans showed new bone formation. It was removed about eight weeks ago, along with some surrounding muscle and blood vessels, put in the man's mouth and connected to the blood vessels in his neck.
Scans showed new bone continued to form after the transplant.
Four weeks after the operation, the man ate a German sausage sandwich, his first real meal in nine years. He eats steak now, but complains to his doctor that because he has no teeth he has to cut it into such small pieces that by the time he gets to the end of the steak, it's cold.
He has reported no pain or any other difficulties associated with the transplant, Warnke said, adding that he hopes to be able to remove the mesh and implant teeth in the new jaw about a year from now.
Paul Brown, head of the Center for Tissue Regeneration Science at University College in London, said it's not clear any major scientific ground has been broken, and tests may not be able to show whether the new bone came from stem cells, rather than from the growth factor alone.
The operation put established techniques together, resembling a well-known experiment in which University of Massachusetts scientists grew a human ear using a mold on the back of a mouse in 1995, he said.
"If you put loads of blocks of bone mineral into a hole and you induce cellular activity by putting in growth factors, it's a standard approach that people have used to induce the body's own response," said Brown, who was not connected with the study. "Clearly some of them are going to work and it sounds like for this patient, this has worked."
Biopsies of the jaw bone could later provide some answers on the quality of the bone, experts said.
"Just making the gross tissue shape right isn't really the problem," Brown said. "It's what the shape of the tissue is at the microscopic and ultramicroscopic level. That's the architecture which is so tricky and which is what gives function."
For awhile there, he was talking behind his own back.
One of the ignored factors in the tort reform issue is: American medical research is starting to fall behind. No American doctor would dare a risky operation like this for fear of being sued for a less than perfect result.
Also, can you imagine trying to bill Aetna for this procedure?
Yeah, but now he's missing his shoulder blade.
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I heard John Kerry had this procedure done as well, except the mouth was attached to his azz.
So, it that bone tissue you're growing or are you just happy to ..... ah, never mind.
LOL. Nice shot.
My son had the left half of his lower jaw removed at UCLA. They replaced it with his smaller, lower leg bone.
Makes me wonder why these guys didn't do something like that.
Goes on all the time in the US. All that is required is for the patient to "sign-off" on the procedure.
Yet another success for NON-EMBRYONIC (aka ADULT) stem cells.
what about the missing piece of the lower leg bone. could your son walk?
From the article, about 2/3 of the way down:
In similar cases, doctors can sometimes replace a lost jawbone by cutting out a piece of bone from the lower leg or from the hip and chiseling it to fit into the mouth. This patient could not have that procedure because he was taking a potent blood thinner for another condition and doctors considered it too dangerous to harvest bone from elsewhere in his body since extraction leaves a hole where the bone is taken, creating an extra risk of bleeding.
In the article, the doctors said that due to the patient being on blood thinner medication it was too risky to borrow the bone from elsewhere in the patient.
I think I read that they would have needed to remove too much bone from the leg and so he wouldn't have been able to walk.
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Perhaps next they could use Orrin Hatch's flapping jaw to grow him a spine.