FReeper Canteen ~ Part VII of War in Ancient India ~ August 24, 2004

a Tribute to Hinduism ^ | August 24, 2004 | LaDivaLoca

[LaDivaLoca]

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Part VII: War in Ancient India

Martial Arts - Fighting without weapons

"Fighting without weapons was a specialty of the Ksatreya (caste of Ancient India)and foot soldier alike. For the Ksatreya it was simply part and parcel of their all around training, but for the lowly peasant it was essential. We read in the Vedas of men unable to afford armor who bound their heads with turbans called Usnisa to protect themselves from sword and axe blows.

"Fighting on foot for a Ksatreya was necessary in case he was unseated from his chariot or horse and found himself without weapons. Although the high ethical code of the Ksatreya forbid anyone but another Ksatreya from attacking him, doubtless such morals were not always observed, and when faced with an unscrupulous opponent, the Ksatreya needed to be able to defend himself, and developed, therefore, a very effective form of hand-to-hand combat that combined techniques of wrestling, throws, and hand strikes. Tactics and evasion were formulated that were later passed on to successive generations. This skill was called Vajramukhti, a name meaning "thunderbolt closed - or clasped - hands." The tile Vajramukti referred to the usage of the hands in a manner as powerful as the vajra maces of traditional warfare. Vajramukti was practiced in peacetime by means of regular physical training sessions and these utilized sequences of attack and defense technically termed in Sanskrit nata."  

Kalaripayattu, literally “the way of the battlefield,” still survives in Kerala, where it is often dedicated to Mahakali. The Kalari grounds are usually situated near a temple, and the pupils, after having touched the feet of the master, salute the ancestors and bow down to the Goddess, begin the lesson. Kalari trainings have been codified for over 3000 years and nothing much has changed. 

The warming up is essential and demands great suppleness. Each movement is repeated several times, facing north, east, south and west, till perfect loosening is achieved. The young pupils pass on to the handling of weapons, starting with the “Silambam”, a short stick  made of extremely hard wood, which in the olden times could effectively deal with swords. The blows are hard and the parade must be fast and precise, to avoid being hit on the fingers! They continue with the swords, heavy, and dangerous, even though they are not sharpened any more, as they are used. Without guard or any kind of body protection; they whirl, jump and parry, in an impressive ballet. Young, fearless girls fight with enormous knives, bigger than their arms and the clash of irons is echoed in the ground. The session ends with the big canes, favorite weapons of the Buddhist traveler monks, which they used during their long journey towards China to scare away attackers.   

The “Urimi” is the most extraordinary weapon of Kalari, unique in the world. This double-edged flexible sword which the old-time masters used to wrap around the waist to keep coiled in one hand, to suddenly whip at the opponent and inflict mortal blows, is hardly used today in trainings, for it is much too dangerous.

This indigenous martial arts, under the name of Kalari or Kalaripayit exists only in South India today. Kalarippayat is said to be the world's original martial art. Originating at least 1,300 years ago, India's Kalaripayit is the oldest martial art taught today. It is also the most potentially violent, because students advance from unarmed combat to the use of swords, sharpened flexible metal lashes, and peculiar three-bladed daggers. More than 2,000 years old, it was developed by warriors of the Cheras kingdom in Kerala. Training followed strict rituals and guidelines. The entrance to the 14 m-by-7 m arena, or kalari, faced east and had a bare earth floor. Fighters took Shiva and Shakti, the god and goddess of power, as their deities. From unarmed kicks and punches, kalarippayat warriors would graduate to sticks, swords, spears and daggers and study the marmas—the 107 vital spots on the human body where a blow can kill. Training was conducted in secret, the lethal warriors unleashed as a surprise weapon against the enemies of Cheras.

Father and founder of Zen Buddhism (called C’han in China), Boddidharma, a Brahmin born in Kacheepuram in Tamil Nadu, in 522 A.D. arrived at the courts of the Chinese Emperor Liang Nuti, of the 6th dynasty. He taught the Chinese monks Kalaripayattu, a very ancient Indian martial art, so that they could defend themselves against the frequent attacks of bandits. In time, the monks became famous all over China as experts in bare-handed fighting, later known as the Shaolin boxing art. The Shaolin temple which has been handed back a few years ago by the communist Government to the C’han Buddhist monks, inheritors of Boddhidharma’s spiritual and martial teachings, by the present Chinese Government, is now open to visitors. On one of the walls, a fresco can be seen, showing Indian dark-skinned monks, teaching their lighter-skinned Chinese brothers the art of bare-handed fighting. On this painting are inscribed: “Tenjiku Naranokaku” which means: “the fighting techniques to train the body (which come) from India…”

Kalari payatt was banned by the British in 1793.  (Refer to chapter on European Imperialism).

(For more information on martial arts refer to chapter India and China and Kalarippayattu and Kalari Payatte - The martial art of Kerala

(source: The Boddhisattva Warriors: The Origin, Inner Philosophy, History and Symbolism of the Buddhist Martial Art Within India and China - By Terence Dukes/ Shifu Nagaboshi Tomio  p. 3 - 158-174 and 242. A Western Journalist on India: a ferengi's columns - By Francois Gautier Har-Anand Publications January 2001  ISBN 8124107955 p. 155-158).

Silambam – Indian Stick Fighting

     

The art Nillaikalakki Silambam was brought to the royal court during the reign of the Cheran, Cholan and Pandian emperors, once powerful rulers of India.  

The art Nillaikalakki Silambam, which exists for more than five thousand years, is an authentic art which starts with the stick called Silambamboo (1.68 meters long). It originates from the Krunji mountains of south India, and is as old as the Indian sub-continent itself.

The natives called Narikuravar were using a staff called Silambamboo as a weapon to defend themselves against wild animals, and also to display their skill during their religious festivals. The Hindu scholars and yogis who went to the Krunji mountains to meditate got attracted by the display of this highly skilled spinning Silambamboo. The art Nillaikalakki Silambam therefore became a part of the Hindu scholars and yogis training, as they were taught by the Narikuravar. 

They brought the art to the royal court during the reign of the Cheran, Cholan and Pandian emperors, once powerful rulers of India.

(source: Silamban – Indian Stick Fighting).

Next Tuesday, Part VIII of War in Ancient India

[tiamat]

LOL!

WE should get together and have a yard-sale...

[USVet6792Retired]

WE should get together and have a yard-sale...>>>>>>>>>>>>

How nice of you....are you aware of how many folks don't have yards?

[E.G.C.]

BTTT!!!!!!!

[Kathy in Alaska]

".........wish I had a fifth.........."

I don't think so!!

[Excuse_My_Bellicosity]

040818-N-8295E-123 San Diego, Calif. (Aug. 18, 2004) – Airman Philip Welch of Tucson, Ariz., performs the National Anthem prior to the start of the baseball game between the San Diego Padres and the Atlanta Braves. Welch is assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76). Petco Park and the San Diego Padres hosted "USS Ronald Reagan Day" welcoming the Sailors to their new homeport with free tickets to the game. U.S. Navy photo by Photographer's Mate 2nd Class Charles A. Edwards Jr. (RELASED)

040819-N-4385W-001 Naval Air Station, Whidbey Island, Wash. (Aug. 19, 2004) - Electronic Attack Squadrons line up in formation to celebrate an awards ceremony during Prowler Week 2004 on board Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Wash. U.S. Navy photo by Photographer's Mate 2nd Class Michael Winter (RELEASED)

040822-N-8704K-002 Arabian Gulf (Aug. 22, 2004) - Maintenance personal assigned to the "Jolly Rogers" of Fighter Squadron One Zero Three (VF-103) complete final checks on two F-14's prior to night flight operations aboard USS John F. Kennedy (CV 67). Kennedy and Carrier Air Wing Seventeen (CVW-17) are operating in the 5th Fleet area of responsibility, conducting missions in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). U.S. Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate 3rd Class Joshua Karsten (RELEASED)

[Spotsy]

Had to get the wrench out early today? ;)

[Spotsy]

How are you?
Everyone is curious.

[Spotsy]

Good afternoon cutie!

[Spotsy]

Mine!

[Spotsy]

Mine!

[tiamat]

Actually, having had been an apartment dweller for years, I am.

Mostly, I was just commiserating with Star about too much stuff.

[Spotsy]

How nice of you....are you aware of how many folks don't have yards?

Roughly the same number as those who buy garages at garage sales? Hehhehehehe.

[Spotsy]

"This document didn't concern you. Erase your initials and initial the erasure."

I think I worked with that person at one time!

[tiamat]

Spotsy got it! #250!!!!

[Spotsy]

Don't worry Barney unlike former occupant of WH who allow his dog committ suicide; You are safe

I love your commentary! LOL!

I'm still working on your "Dutchess of the URL" graphic.

[Kathy in Alaska]

SECURITY WATCH— U.S. soldiers from Company A, 579th Engineering Battalion, maintain a security posture in the interior courtyard of a house during Operation Grizzly Forced Entry, Aug. 21, 2004. Operation Grizzly Forced Entry was a battalion sized cordon, search and seizure mission to capture high value targets who have launched attacks against Logistics Support Area Anaconda. U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Scott Reed

[tomkow6]

Did someone say

YARD SALE???

[Spotsy]

Excellent poem Sarge, but don't let your verses carry my summer away just yet. ;)

[Spotsy]

Thank you Tiamat!
(taking bow)

[tiamat]

Spotsy wrote:

How nice of you....are you aware of how many folks don't have yards?

Roughly the same number as those who buy garages at garage sales? Hehhehehehe.

---

DUH! ::::slaps forehead:::::

Missed it comepletly....

Went RIGHT over my head, Vet! LOL!

( I really need to get some sleep tonight)