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Turkey: 'Sow war and reap terror' (Clinton's role in the rise of al-Qaeda)
atimes.com ^ | Nov 22, 2003 | K Gajendra Singh

Posted on 11/21/2003 3:53:50 PM PST by Destro

Nov 22, 2003 Middle East

Turkey: 'Sow war and reap terror'

By K Gajendra Singh

Sow war and reap terror - A banner in a February peace march in Paris

Many disquieting messages have been sent with the two car bombings in Istanbul on Thursday, just five days after attacks on two synagogues and coinciding with Queen Elizabeth's hosting of United States President George W Bush in London. Turkey's stock market fell immediately, and world markets felt the fallout. The latest attacks, which claimed the lives of at least 25 people, will certainly adversely affect Turkey's economic recovery.

The bombings were against British targets - the Istanbul British consulate and HSBC bank, which is Britain-based. An attack on British interests, and even its timing, had been generally predicted in London and Washington following attacks against the interests of Israel, Australia and other US allies, including Jordan, Turkey, Spain, Italy and Saudi Arabia. Only the locale was in question. It turned out to be Turkey's metropolitan and beautiful city of Istanbul, a capital of Romans and Byzantines for more than a millennium and of the Ottomans from 1453 until the new republic's capital was established in Ankara in 1923.

Apart from sending a very clear message to Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair, the two who have been at the forefront of the "war on terrorism", to which they added an attack on Iraq, without any justifiable reason, countries like Spain, Italy, Poland etc will think twice in siding further with them. India and Pakistan have said no to a request for troops, and Japan is rethinking its decision to send non-combat troops.

Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) leadership, with its Islamic roots, after first refusing to let the US use its territory to open a second front against Iraq in March, will also be in a quandary. The Islamic jihad, like any other multinational, is now truly a globalized entity, and it has no love for such soft Islamic parties that rule in Turkey or elsewhere.

Turkey has a well-trained armed force of nearly a million, with experience of fighting a Marxist Kurdish insurgency in southeast of the country in which over 35,000 people, including 5,000 soldiers, have lost their lives. Turkey also feels that north Iraq was stolen by the British for its oil reserves after World War I, when Kemal Ataturk molded a secular republic out of the ashes of the Ottoman empire.

The armed forces are self-appointed guardians of Ataturk's secular legacy and have been at odds with the ruling AKP since the latter's massive electoral victory in last November's elections, which made it the first-ever Islamic party to come to power in Turkey since 1923. If even Turkey, which is close to a Western democratic secular model, can be destabilized, then the region will become like many volcanos gone wild.

The dangers to European security inherent in Turkey joining the Europe Union at any time soon - when Islamic bombers can strike with such ease - are obvious. This will provide the EU leadership justification for its policy of saying "not yet". In any case, while praising Turkey for its efforts in meeting its criteria of reforms to begin talks for entry, the EU has been humming and hawing about how the reforms will be implemented on the ground. So Turkey becoming a full member of the EU, never a possibility in my opinion, can now be put on the back burner. This will only disappoint and dishearten secular forces in Turkey and encourage and embolden Islamist elements.

However, taking advantage of the EU criteria, the AKP has succeeded in diminishing the military's dominant role in Turkish politics, which it had exercised though the all powerful National Security Council (NSC), whose recommendations had to be implemented by the government. The armed forces forced the first-ever Islamist prime minister, Nacmettin Erbakan, heading a coalition government, to resign in 1997.

The Turkish masses have in the past had the highest regard for the military, and have been generally happy that it has intervened to clean up the messes created by politicians in takeovers in 1960, 1971 and 1980. But eager to join the EU, which many feel will bring prosperity, people have been quite satisfied at the reduction in the military's role in politics.

Now, though, in the changed situation of terror and insecurity, it would be easy to win public approval for the NSC to be revived. President Ahmet Sezer, a former head of the Constitutional Court, another bastion of Turkey's secular establishment, was not happy to have signed the decree that emasculated the NSC and the Turkish armed forces. The AKP has a two-thirds majority in parliament, but its leadership, with a temperamental prime minister in Tayep Erdogan - his experience is limited to a stint as mayor of Istanbul - will have serious difficulties in tackling the new situation.

The missing Balkan period

Remember the two women premiers of Turkey and Pakistan in the mid-1990s, Tansu Ciller and Benazir Bhutto respectively, both allies of the US who visited Bosnia with US encouragement to show solidarity with the massacred and suppressed Muslims. They made the day of photographers by trying to outdo each other for photo opportunities.

During the current debate, the Balkan chapter of the 1990s and the US and European role in the breakup of Yugoslavia and subsequent events are not scrutinized closely. The origins of al-Qaeda and other terror groups during the Afghan war of 1979-1992, their fight against the Soviet army and the role of the US, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and others is well documented, including Osama bin Laden's drive to recruit Muslim volunteers world-wide. US officials estimate that tens of thousands of foreign fighters were trained in bomb-making, sabotage and guerrilla warfare tactics in Afghan camps that the US Central Intelligence Agency helped set up between 1985-92.

After the Russians withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989, and the Najibullah communist regime collapsed in 1992, the Afghan mujahideen became irrelevant to the US. But the mujahideen had acquired a taste for fighting, and now they had no cause. But soon a new cause arose.

During 1992-95, the Pentagon helped with the movement of thousands of mujahideen and other Islamic elements from Central Asia, even some Turks, into Europe to fight alongside Bosnian Muslims against the Serbs.

"It was very important in the rise of mujahideen forces and in the emergence of current cross-border Islamic terrorist groups who think nothing of moving from state to state in the search of outlets for their jihadi mission. In moving to Bosnia, Islamic fighters were transported from the caves of Afghanistan and the Middle East into Europe; from an outdated battleground of the Cold War to the major world conflict of the day; from being yesterday's men to fighting alongside the West's favored side in the clash of the Balkans. If Western intervention in Afghanistan created the mujahideen, Western intervention in Bosnia appears to have globalized it."

This is a quotation from a Dutch government report after investigations, prepared by Professor C Wiebes of Amsterdam University, into the Srebrenica massacre of July 1995, entitled "Intelligence and the War in Bosnia", published in April 2002.

It details the secret alliance between the Pentagon and radical Islamic groups from the Middle East and their efforts to assist Bosnia's Muslims. By 1993, a vast amount of weapons were being smuggling through Croatia to the Muslims, organized by "clandestine agencies" of the US, Turkey and Iran, in association with a range of Islamic groups that included the Afghan Mujahideen and the pro-Iranian Hezbollah. Arms bought by Iran and Turkey with the financial backing of Saudi Arabia were airlifted from the Middle East to Bosnia - airlifts with which, Wiebes points out, the US was "very closely involved".

The Pentagon's alliance with Islamic elements permitted mujahideen fighters to be "flown in" as shock troops for particularly hazardous operations against Serb forces. According to a report in the Los Angeles Times in October 2001, from 1992 as many as 4,000 mujahideen from the Middle East, North Africa and Europe reached Bosnia to fight with the Muslims. Richard Holbrooke, America's former chief Balkans peace negotiator, said as much. The Bosnian Muslims "wouldn't have survived" without the imported mujahideen, which was a "pact with the devil" from which Bosnia would take long to recover. If the US made a pact with the devil, then the Muslim mujahideen made a pact with Satan. They temporized with the Christian West to defeat the ungodly Russian communists, now they are after the US-led Crusaders.

During the mid-1990s the Turkish media were full of reports of Muslim fighters in Bosnia and Serbia. One Turkish journalist who went there was even said to have fired at the Serbs. Many even applauded the act. It was then easy for Turkish cadres to mingle, learn and establish relationships with al-Qaeda, the Taliban and other international cadres. Many in the Turkish establishment are strong believers in Sunni Islam. From time to time they have massacred Turkey's Alevis - close to the Shi'ites in belief - most of whom are perhaps the real Turkomens from Central Asia.

The Balkans were part of the Ottoman empire for centuries, as a result of which many Slavs and others converted to Islam. Many Turkish tribes also migrated to the Balkan vilayats (provinces) as the ruling elite. As the Ottoman empire shrank, millions of Muslims from the Balkans migrated to Turkey, and now at least 5 million Turkish citizens have origins in the Balkans or have relatives there, especially Bosnia, and they exercise influence on the Turkish government. Later, the Ottomans took wives from Bosnia. So contact between Turks and Bosnians and Kosovars during the 1990s was normal and natural, but it may have left a legacy, perhaps deadly, yet to be investigated and untangled.

But by the end of the 1990s, State Department officials (as now vis-a-vis the Pentagon), were increasingly worried about the consequences of this devil's pact sponsored by the Pentagon. Under the terms of the 1995 Dayton Peace Accord, the foreign mujahideen units were required to disband and leave the Balkans. Yet in 2000, the State Department raised concerns about the "hundreds of foreign Islamic extremists" who became Bosnian citizens after fighting against the Serbs, and who will remain a potential terror threat to Europe and the United States.

US officials claimed that "one of bin Laden's top lieutenants had sent operatives to Bosnia", and that during the 1990s Bosnia had served as a "staging area and safe haven" for al-Qaeda and others. The Bill Clinton administration learned that it was one thing to permit the movement of Islamic groups across territories; it was quite another to rein them back in again.

And in spite of the official US stand against jihadis, it permitted the growth and movement of mujahideen cadres in Europe during the 1990s. In the runup to Clinton and Blair's Kosovo war of 1999, the US backed the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) against Serbia. The Jerusalem Post reported in 1998 that KLA members, like the Bosnian Muslims earlier, were "provided with financial and military support from Islamic countries", and had been "bolstered by hundreds of Iranian fighters or mujahideen ... [some of whom] were trained in Osama bin Laden's terrorist camps in Afghanistan". So the US's pact with the devil continued.

The aspect of the mujahideen's encouragement by the US and its growth in Balkan Europe has been largely overlooked, and the Bosnia connection remains largely unexplored. In Jason Burke's excellent Al-Qaeda: Casting a Shadow of Terror, Bosnia is mentioned only in passing. Kimberley McCloud and Adam Dolnik of the Monterey Institute of International Studies have written some incisive commentary calling for rational thinking when assessing al-Qaeda's origins and threat - but little on the Bosnian link.

A cool analysis of today's disparate Islamic terror groups, created in Afghanistan and emboldened by the Bosnian experience, would do much to shed some light on precisely the dangers of such intervention. Car bombers in Istanbul on November 15 and 20 are perhaps the results.

K Gajendra Singh, Indian ambassador (retired), served as ambassador to Turkey from August 1992 to April 1996. Prior to that, he served terms as ambassador to Jordan, Romania and Senegal. He is currently chairman of the Foundation for Indo-Turkic Studies. Email Gajendrak@hotmail.com


TOPICS: Foreign Affairs; Front Page News; News/Current Events; War on Terror
KEYWORDS: afghanistan; alqaeda; balkans; britishconsulate; campaignfinance; clintonscandals; hsbcbank; napalminthemorning; turkey; turkeytrouble; wot; x42
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To: pgkdan
no outrage... doncha know?
"Islam is peace."

puke and vomit
21 posted on 11/21/2003 5:34:28 PM PST by Robert_Paulson2 (robert... the rino... LWMPTBHFTOSTA....)
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To: pgkdan
There was never any genocide in Kosovo

The querry and the response involved Bosnia.

Happy to discuss Kosovo if you like but you will have to change your premise if you expext either opposition or a lack of outrage over the current version of the ancient holy war.

But before you issue a challenge be advised that I subscribe to the old adage: If you plan to become an active participant in an existing religious war be sure to kill all the participants, men, women and children, on both sides.

22 posted on 11/21/2003 5:51:06 PM PST by Amerigomag
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To: Robert_Paulson2
I AGREE WITH YOUR ANALOGY WITH PEARL.

WE CANNOT DECLARE WAR BECAUSE THERE IS NO STATE TO
DECLARE WAR ON. WE COULD DECLARE WAR ON ISLAM BUT
HOLD ONTO YOUR HAT.

ANSWERS? CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS
SAMUEL P HUNTINGTON
23 posted on 11/21/2003 5:54:19 PM PST by Dog Anchor
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To: Destro
F*** Gajendra Singh. And the Destro he rode in on.
24 posted on 11/21/2003 5:54:58 PM PST by a_Turk (Threatened by shadows at night, and exposed in the light....)
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To: Robert_Paulson2
>> After Turkey is overrun?

Bwah-hah

Bwah-hah

Bwah-hah-hah-hah-haaaaa!


25 posted on 11/21/2003 6:01:11 PM PST by a_Turk (Threatened by shadows at night, and exposed in the light....)
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To: Destro; ALOHA RONNIE; Lazamataz; okie01; swarthyguy; Mitchell; Thud; Dark Wing
More importantly...

MONSOOR IJAZ told us the Day after the Attacks of September 11, 2001 on the FoX News Channel that the CLINTONS had refused 3 Offers he negotiated with the Sudan during the 1990's to hand over OSAMA bin LADEN to us on a Silver Platter.

Since then both the Sudanese Ambassador to the U.S. representing the Sudan President during these 3 Offers as well as the CLINTONS' own White House Political Advisor, DICK MORRIS, have confirmed what MONSSOR IJAZ told us 2 years ago...

...I hang onto everything MONSOOR IJAZ has to tell us. And I think the BUSH White House does also.

...And so does the Democrat Party...for very different reasons.

MONSSOR IJAZ = The Most Feared Man in America by Democrats

145 posted on 11/20/2003 6:36 PM CST by ALOHA RONNIE (Vet-Battle of IA DRANG-1965 www.LZXRAY.com)

From this thread:~Bin Laden In Iran

26 posted on 11/21/2003 6:24:54 PM PST by txhurl
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To: Maria S
swarthydude is all US. I ping him to his disgust. He rocks... trust me.
27 posted on 11/21/2003 6:28:15 PM PST by txhurl
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To: Dog Anchor


.."It's now the Communists & Muslims of the World vs...


the Christians & Jews of the World" =


...OSAMA bin LADEN, early 2003


*****WAR HAS ALREADY BEEN DECLARED ON...

........................US******
28 posted on 11/21/2003 6:48:28 PM PST by ALOHA RONNIE (Vet-Battle of IA DRANG-1965 www.LZXRAY.com)
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To: Robert_Paulson2
The muslims bring the fight down to the family unit. It may be culture vs culture but it is fought at the smallest denominator. Making us the unprepared. Normal relations in Western civilizations do not contain homicide bombers. They are simply tactics in the larger picture. What is required is a simple response. Their tactics are maximum casulties with minimum loss. The response should be similar. When muslims are at prayer attack, they are vulnerable. As abhorrent as it sounds we need to attack their women and children, for that is what they have done to us. That is the only thing that will stop them. The men consider it a privlage to die for allah. The women create children that are the next wave of fighters. Eliminate the women and children and they have no fighters. As terrible as this sounds this is how wars have been fought. When you are no longer able to field a force you are defeated.
29 posted on 11/21/2003 7:32:38 PM PST by KingofQue
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To: swarthyguy
Since the Palistinians... Since the Iranians... Since the taliban ... Since Osama... Since the european union... Want me to go on???
30 posted on 11/21/2003 7:38:28 PM PST by KingofQue
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To: Amerigomag; Robert_Paulson2; pgkdan
Like most US citizens I played a lot of historical, catchup ball as the conflict widened. The pattern that emerged was not secular but religious. The continuation of a religious conflict that stretched back to the middle ages.

Careful with the religious angle. The Serb-Albanian conflict is based on ethnicity, not religion. Some of the top leaders of the KLA were Catholic. And the KLA membership took in all Albanians, regardless whether irreligious, Orthodox, Catholic, or Muslim. The Catholic churches in Kosovo were untouched by the Albanians; although the bishop of Kosovo did register complaints about Serbian harassment of his parishioners and Yugo Army take-overs of Catholic churches and property for their own use. The Albanian destruction of Orthodox churches can be explained (not excused) by the inextricable relationship between the Serbian Orthodox Church and Serbian nationalism.

Of note, the small Bosniak, Roma, and Gorani populations in Kosovo, also Muslim, have been treated just as badly by the Albanians as the remaining Serbs. The issue is not religion, despite the best propaganda efforts of the Serb nationalists to portray it as such in their efforts to paint their enemies as our enemies.

31 posted on 11/21/2003 7:44:36 PM PST by mark502inf
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To: marron
bump
32 posted on 11/21/2003 8:01:26 PM PST by Destro (Know your enemy! Help fight Islamic terrorisim by visiting www.johnathangaltfilms.com)
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To: Robert_Paulson2
Anybody else of the opinion that we backed the WRONG side of the Balkans conflict?

I sure hope you aren't saying we should have backed our "friends" the Serbs. Under Milosevic, Yugoslavia & its successor Serbian entities were busy arming Iraq, Libya and indirectly anyone Libya and Iraq supplied. The Serbs were selling weaponry including explosives for use in artillery shells, rocket fuel, cruise missile technology, maintenance assistance and even providing military and defense technology advisers throughout the 90s and right on up to 2002; all in violation of international sanctions and in direct opposition to U.S. interests. Its very possible that American soldiers have been killed or maimed in Iraq with explosives provided by the Serbs. The Yugos/Serbs have done much the same with Qaddafi's Libya, so who knows how much stuff has gone further to Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups.

The U.S. government has protested and Kostunica has been doing his best to get this under control, but corruption & anti-American attitudes among Milosevic hold-overs have made it tough to root it all out. Under Milosevic, Serbia was an enemy of the USA and a friend to our enemies.

33 posted on 11/21/2003 8:03:12 PM PST by mark502inf
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To: KingofQue
Yes... go on..?
34 posted on 11/21/2003 8:04:07 PM PST by txhurl (Tell us.)
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To: mark502inf; Amerigomag; Robert_Paulson2; pgkdan
Mark, in his support of the Albanians missed the point of the article. In order to help these "nationalistic" Balkan (secular) Muslims (Mark's emphasis) the Clinton administration set up and worked along side al-Qaedaistic elements to bring them into parts of the world they never were involved in and now these Muslim "assets" have mutated beyond their original function and like a cancer are now attacking from lairs the Clinton administration helped set up to use for its obsession against the Serbs.
35 posted on 11/21/2003 8:06:19 PM PST by Destro (Know your enemy! Help fight Islamic terrorisim by visiting www.johnathangaltfilms.com)
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To: a_Turk
I only hope YOUR guys have the balls to shut it down before you lose your entire parliament in an al quaida "incident."

I hope your faith in a secularist Turkey... proves to be true... or you will have civil war within your own ranks.

Your several recent bombings and multiple deaths at the hands of the radicals, is only part of what they seek to do.. in punishment for your Nation's democratic and secularist leanings.

You need to be safe.
all is NOT well in the world... even in Turkey.

Turkey is in very real danger of being overrun FROM WITHIN...
Laugh all you want, I hope your confidence is well placed.

--robert

36 posted on 11/21/2003 8:30:08 PM PST by Robert_Paulson2 (robert... the rino... LWMPTBHFTOSTA....)
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To: Destro; Cicero; swarthyguy; joan
Our relations with the Islamic world have been evolving.

At one time it was convenient to see Saudi Arabia as a US safe zone, they were a rich pal who seemed to have no ambitions of his own beyond helping us to balance our budget and seeing to it that our key politicians and State Deparment weenies had a comfortable retirement. Since they seemed content in that role, it all seemed rather harmless.

And since they rather hermetically controlled their territory, and their banking secrecy is pretty complete, it makes a great platform for all kinds of operations, as well as a good place to get funding for those operations that Congress would not want to know about.

The first attempt at playing for bigger stakes came when Carter and his national security advisor decided that Islam could be harnessed as a direct hammer against Communism much more effectively than could Western values, which seemed to be on the defensive everywhere (including within Carter's own cerebrum). They withdrew support for the Shah and encouraged the rise of the Ayatollah, which has led to a generation of misery and warfare.

It also made the Saudis even more important as our outpost in the Islamic world.

Then, we turned to Pakistan and Saudi Arabia as full partners in the war to eject the Soviets from Afghanistan. It worked. From there it was easy for us to see the possibilty of using Islam to open up the Soviet underbelly. It also awakened the Saudis and Pakistanis to the possibilities of projecting themselves into Central Asia which, with the fall of the USSR, suddenly became very possible.

I continue to maintain that our foreign policy during the nineties was written in Riyadh. Our policy of supporting jihad which had some sense directed at the Soviets ceased to have any further reason to exist almost as soon as we formulated it, since the Soviet Union fell very quickly after they withdrew from Afghanistan. And US companies began to operate in Central Asia very early in the nineties, and to form partnerships with Russian companies, which made the insurgent friends of friends a threat to our quickly evolving interests in the region.

But what normal people could see very quickly, the State Department and the Clintons failed to see, and they continued to support Islamic movements where ever they found them, even when they began to attack the US. Our first responses to attacks on us were calibrated to be weak, because these movements were abetted by our Saudi and Pakistani allies. Thus, our failure to take Bin Ladin when he was offered was not a mistake, but intentional.

We did not back away from these movements until GW Bush took office, and made his partnership with Russia the centerpiece of his early effort at foreign policy. His embrace of Putin meant withdrawing support for the Chechens, which implied the beginnings of a break with the Saudis.

9/11 sealed the deal, and we began to attack Saudi funded insurgencies all across Asia, we gave Russia the green light to do what they will with the Chechens, and we began the dance in South Asia, where we use our ability to hold India back as our hammer against Pakistan.

Our Islamic strategy which made some perverse sense in the waning days of the Cold War, when we were losing our confidence and our enemy seemed unstoppable, but it took on a life of its own even once its purpose was gone. Jihad as a means of projecting Western values was always a dubious proposition, it was more a case of setting fire to the neighborhood when you think the battle is almost lost. You only think you can control the direction of the blaze, but you can't.

Morality is in short supply in foreign policy, but this does not mean it has no place. Quite the contrary. The fact that we deal in imperfect humanity, the fact that we deal with flawed regimes and imperfect nations means it is an absolute necessity to keep a close grip on your moral purpose. If you do that you can bring good out of a murky and dangerous situation. But if you lose track of your principles you are lost, and you may become the proxy of your proxy.

And this is the story of the US in the nineties. We became the proxy of our proxies. We lost the grace that comes from clarity. And our proxies found ambitions of their own, and turned their weapons on us. They will pay for the mistake, but there is an object lesson in this for any country that aspires to be a moral force in the world. Sometimes you have to fight dirty, but you must never forget why you are doing it, and never lose sight of the dangers of doing it, never lose sight of the larger moral purpose, or you are lost.
37 posted on 11/21/2003 9:50:19 PM PST by marron
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To: *clintonscandals
CLINTON SCANDALS
38 posted on 11/22/2003 1:39:11 AM PST by Tailgunner Joe
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To: txflake
"swarthydude is all US. I ping him to his disgust. He rocks... trust me."

Sincerely, I meant no disrespect! I just was curious, that's all. Curiosity gets me in trouble every danged time!
39 posted on 11/22/2003 4:14:56 AM PST by Maria S ("When the passions become masters, they are vices." Pascal, 1670)
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To: mark502inf
I have read several books and articles on the Balkan mess. I have an above average IQ, but I can't separate the region/states and cultures of the players and the fighting. I basically understand the why is a lot of centuries old issues and separatism. Any suggestions on books?
40 posted on 11/22/2003 4:37:41 AM PST by not-an-ostrich
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