Do you mean after the modernization by the English East India Company and the transition from British to self rule after World War l? I'm no history buff of India, but that sounds a little "external" to me... but I could be wrong on this.
-PJ
Gandhi was the Indian leader who was responsible for the non-violent protest movement for making the British to relinquish their crown jewel colony, India, and liberate India as free and sovereign country. That was back in 1947.
The British were exhausted from fighting WWII and had no will and energy left to fight the Indians clamoring for independence.
The Muslims in India demanded they wanted their own country, so British colony India was divided into India and Pakistan. The areas with most concentration of Muslims became Pakistan, and actually had 2 separate regions, west Pak & East Pak. Later on the East Pakistanis broke away and called themselves Bangladesh.