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I am not sure that the questions you asked are answered in Tolkien's works. If they are I don't remember. I will see if I can find an answer to your questions though.

Off the top of my head, it seems like Tolkien was leaving the Orcs ambiguous. Made from Elves or made from Men? The common conclusion is they are from Elves, but I don't think that that is directly spelled out by Tolkien.

Haven't thought any about the Troll origins. Like I said, I'll see what I can find.

You can see what happens when a mortal is influenced by the divine power of the Valar/Maiar.

Smeagol, after just a few hundred years is almost wholly corrupt from being exposed to the power that Sauron put into the ring.

Imagine the first elves, that fled from Orome, being captured my Melko and being HIS playthings for a few thousand years. And his power is infinitely greater than Saurons. Really easy to see the truth of the orcish origin.

Trolls were Ents, corrupted in the same way. I think this is more involved than just the orc issue though. And it also took longer to accomplish, and working underground for thousands of years they became intolerant of sunlight. Yet, there is no mention I think, of trolls becoming stone when hit by sunlight during the first two ages. Still trying to figure that one out as they are used in almost all the big battles of the Wars of Beleriand. Seems that Gothmogs troll guard would be pretty useless if they all had to hide during the day. So there must have been different breeds.

Everything Melkor corrupted shunned light, from being bred and tortured in the depths of Utumno and later Angband. And they also hated thier original race with a passion.