I have complete confidence that the US (and western countries as a whole) will outperform China in most areas of technology, including quantum computing. Their (the Chinese) rigid system of government control does not lead to discovery and innovation. But to obedience and conformity.
The Chinese are great at stealing and mimicing good ideas, but not so adept at creating their own.
Still, 10^42 years is a very long time.
“Scientists hope that quantum computers will help us solve problems like climate change”
If climate change is the only problem this new computer can solve, probably they should stop wasting time trying build it.