You pointed out women in universities and careers. Even Islamic counties in the Gulf are doing that.
Hmm.
While most advanced nations have some type of social security/welfare state, they differ in their generosity. The question is, how strongly are birthrates correlated with the size/scope of the welfare state. Japan's welfare state is far lesser than that of Scandinavian countries, but if anything Japan has a lower birth rate.
Similarly, we can look at the fraction of women who get college degrees or become part of the skilled/professional work force to see how strongly that correlates negatively with birth rate. I'm sure the data is out there somewhere and that someone has already done the regression analyses!