The pack CATL demonstrated earlier this year is what will replace the ICE for most of the world’s population.
Look up click the link
It’s a LFP cell Iron and phosphorus are plentiful. Iron is in the top 6 elements in the earth’s crust. The Norwegians found in a single fjord centuries worth of P
The massive phosphate (phosphorus) deposit discovered in southwestern Norway by Norge Mining is estimated at 70 to 77 billion tonnes. This deposit is significant enough to meet global demand for LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries, solar panels, and fertilizers for the next 50 to 100 years.
Based on the size of the deposit and the amount of phosphorus needed for LFP batteries, this find could produce enough phosphorus for an unimaginably large amount of battery storage, likely in the range of hundreds of thousands of terawatt-hours (TWh) over its lifetime, potentially averaging over 10,000 kWh per person on Earth over the next 50–100 years.
Yeah that’s for all 8 billion of us. A car needs 75kWh to go 375 miles today.
The amount of Boron and Phosphorus needed for the P & N dopants in 1 megawatt worth of thin film solar are 0.5grams each as they are only used to dope the silicon films in micrograms per cubic meters of area. Works out to a gram for 1 MW worth of panels. Silicon is the second most common element in the earth’s crust behind oxygen. Aluminium is in the top 5 and it’s what the frames and wires of modern panels are being made with copper is on the way out so is silver/lead soldering joints they’re all going to be tin/ aluminum base.
The oceans are full of lithium , so is flow back and produced waters from shale wells. UT has already demoed tech in the Permian basin and the Saudis have taken lithium directly from seawater at lower energy costs it pairs with the brine coming off RO Desal even better something the Saudis have a lot of on a daily basis hence the tech to make use of it.
CATL LFP cells are the answer. 1000-1500km with 1-3 megawatt level charging is the end of the road for most ICE applications.
Being able to charge from 10% to 80% on under 4 min is less time than filling a gas tank and less time than a walk to a bucees bathroom and back.
80% of 1000km is 800 leaving a 10% lower buffer for contingency is still 700km which is 437 miles at 70mph that’s 6.25 hours in the seat. Need more it’s a 4 min stretch to get all that range back. To go 875 total miles or costs you 4 min out of 12.5 hours in the seat.
Get real less than 0.1% of the population drives this distance all at once in a single sitting regularly probably less than 0.1% out of the 330 million Americans.
The only real issue is WHERE is all the electricity generation going to come from?
Coal
solar
methane
hydro
wind turbines
nuclear
all of the above
That's the bottleneck though, isn't it? (Assuming all the rest is 100% true.) Where's the infrastructure to provide 3 MW chargers all over the place? 6 to 10 charging bays at one station = 18 - 30 MW. That's a lot.