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In 478 BC, after the end of the Persian Wars, the Delian League of Greek cities was formed in order to deal with future threats. The headquarters of the League was on Delos, where the enormous sums which had been contributed by the city-states were kept and where their representatives met. Very soon the Delian League evolved into an Athenian hegemony, and the allies became subjects of the Athenians. The funds from the common treasury were moved to the Acropolis of Athens in 454 BC, ostensibly for reasons of security; in reality, however, they were intended to finance Pericles' ambitious building programme.

In 476 BC the construction of the second temple of Apollo, the Great Temple, or Delian Temple began. It was interrupted because the League's funds had been moved to Athens. Building was resumed during the Period of Independence (314-166 BC), but the temple was never completed.

During the winter of 426/5 BC the Athenians decided the "purification" of Delos, supposedly for reasons of piety. They opened up all the graves on the island and moved the bones and funerary offerings to Rheneia, where everything was buried in a common pit. At the same time, they decided that no one would be allowed to be born or die on Delos; and that women close to delivery and the seriously ill should be transferred to Rheneia.
History of Delos: Delos, the Sacred Island | Dr. P. J. Hadjidakis | Delos Tours

Some aspects of Carian life are relatively well-known, including language and writing, coinage, divinities and sanctuaries, and political organization (namely the Carian koinon). On the other hand, little is known concerning the material culture of the Carian population. Yet, Carian funerary customs were peculiar enough in the 5th century B.C. for Thucydides to note : "When Athens proceeded to the purification of the island of Delos, it appeared that more than half of the theke were Carian tombs : they were identified not only by the material associated with the burials but also by the way these warriors were buried, which is still the way the Carians bury their dead today" (I.8).
Tombes de Carie: architecture funéraire et culture carienne | De Olivier Henry | La librairie