It is going to depend on the specifics of the program.
There are programs that are entirely contained in one folder, sometimes with some subfolders. Those are easy to move, just copy the folder (and subfolders) to a jump drive, and then copy it to the same place on your new computer.
Some programs make changes to your registry during installation, or install DLL’s or other weirdness to your system folder. If this is one of these, you are pretty much out of luck.
Some programs do have set up executables that are in the same folder as the program that take care of the steps in the previous paragraph. Look for a file called setup.exe or install.exe, or even setup.bat or install.bat.
Good luck.
Yes. DLL's or other weirdness, exactly. Don't try to take out your own appendix. Find someone who already knows weirdness!