One case where the band kept the name, but it was a profoundly different band was Pink Floyd. Try Fleetwood Mac
The first Jefferson Airplane album was folk rock, with Signe Anderson as the female singer. She tried touring with her newborn, but soon realized she needed to be a full-time mom. (She still performed in small bands up until her death about 10 years ago).
The albums that followed with Grace Slick were very different.
Yes, their transformation is very interesting... but I was taking “one-album wonders” very literally and I thought the blues-style Fleetwood Mac was for a couple of albums. Also, I thought it relevant because I was sorta saying that the band that recorded from More onward was very much a different band than the one-album wonder because of the departure of the songwriter, lead guitarist and lead singer. I had thought that although their sound changed, Fleetwood Mac’s original foursome was together for a handful of albums.