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AI Overview
Agmatine, a neuromodulator, and thiamine (Vitamin B1), an essential vitamin, both show neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential, particularly in the context of glaucoma and other neurological conditions, according to recent Show Me Mizzou research. They appear to protect retinal ganglion cells from damage and reduce inflammation, making them potential candidates for future treatments for glaucoma. While thiamine is vital for nervous system and energy function, agmatine acts as a neuromodulator with diverse biological activities, including neuroprotection, anticonvulsant properties, and antidepressant effects.
Agmatine
What it is:
Agmatine is a naturally occurring molecule derived from the amino acid arginine, produced by gut bacteria.
Functions:
It functions as a neuromodulator and has been shown to have diverse effects in the brain.
Potential Benefits:
Research suggests agmatine offers neuroprotective benefits by reducing oxidative stress, acting as an anti-inflammatory agent, and protecting against brain damage in various neurological conditions. It also has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties.
Role in Glaucoma:
In PoAG (primary open-angle glaucoma) patients, agmatine levels were found to be decreased. Exogenously administered agmatine has been found to protect retinal ganglion cells and reduce the inflammatory response.
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
What it is:
An essential water-soluble vitamin crucial for energy metabolism and overall health.
Functions:
Thiamine is vital for the proper functioning of the nervous system, heart, and muscles. It is also involved in neurotransmitter production, supporting cognitive function, memory, and mood.
Role in Glaucoma:
A 2025 Mizzou research study found that reduced levels of thiamine are associated with glaucoma. Intravitreal delivery of thiamine protected retinal ganglion cells from inflammatory damage and oxidative stress.
Agmatine and Thiamine in Tandem for Glaucoma
Neuroprotective Effects:
Both molecules showed a combined ability to reduce inflammation and protect retinal ganglion cells in experimental models of glaucoma.
Delivery Methods:
Researchers suggest that these molecules could be delivered as eye drops or supplements for potential treatment.
Considerations
More Research Needed:
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Most studies are based on experimental models, and more clinical trials are required before agmatine and thiamine can be widely used clinically for neurological conditions.
Agmatine Absorption:
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Agmatine is absorbed in the gut, rapidly distributed throughout the body, but quickly eliminated by the kidneys, which can affect its efficacy.
Thiamine Precursors:
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Benfotiamine, a more bioavailable precursor of thiamine, is being studied for its neuroprotective properties and potential benefits in neurodegenerative diseases.