[SunkenCiv]

Transcript
0:00	·	as history continues evolving with Time
0:01	·	new and old countries come in and out of
0:03	·	existence pretty much all the time
0:05	·	dozens of new UN recognized countries
0:07	·	have come into existence in only the
0:08	·	past 30 plus years since the Cold War
0:10	·	Began coming to a close back in 1990 and
0:12	·	as a result the world map has officially
0:14	·	changed dozens of times in many of our
0:16	·	lifetimes East Germany faded out of
0:18	·	existence in 1990 when it was legally
0:20	·	absorbed by West Germany between 1990
0:22	·	and 1991 the collapse of the Soviet
0:25	·	Union led to the birth of 15 newly
0:27	·	recognized independent states and
0:29	·	arguably 16th in the form of chia which
0:32	·	is a really interesting case study in
0:33	·	how countries can be born and die Chia
0:36	·	an ethnically and religiously distinct
0:38	·	territory of Russia unilaterally
0:39	·	declared its independence from the
0:41	·	Soviet Union and Russia in 1991 and
0:43	·	remained a deao independent state for
0:45	·	nearly a decade until it was forcefully
0:47	·	res subjugated by the Russian armed
0:49	·	forces in 2000 during that whole time
0:51	·	though the only other country that ever
0:53	·	formerly recognized chesa's Independence
0:54	·	was Taliban ruled Afghanistan Chia
0:57	·	fought two massive and brutal Wars of
0:59	·	Independence against the Russians in the
1:00	·	1990s the first from 1994 to '96 that
1:03	·	killed more than 100,000 people and
1:06	·	resulted in their deao independence and
1:08	·	the second war from 1999 to 2000 when
1:10	·	the Russians finally overran Cheta and
1:12	·	reincorporated it back into the Russian
1:14	·	State many high ranking chuchin
1:16	·	government officials then fled the
1:17	·	country and formed a chuchin government
1:19	·	in Exile in London that has continued
1:21	·	existing to this day while in October of
1:23	·	20122 in the midst of the Russian
1:25	·	invasion of Ukraine the Ukrainian
1:27	·	government voted a formally recognize
1:29	·	chesa status is being temporarily
1:31	·	occupied by Russia and recognize the cin
1:34	·	government in Exile as the territory's
1:35	·	sole legitimate government essentially
1:37	·	extending Ukraine's legal recognition of
1:39	·	chchchchia as an independent state now
1:42	·	the process of yugoslavia's collapse
1:44	·	after 1991 similarly led to the creation
1:47	·	of six or seven new independent
1:48	·	countries depending on your point of
1:50	·	view Slovenia Croatia bosnan and
1:51	·	Herzegovina North Macedonia and the
1:53	·	formerly United Serbia and Montenegro
1:55	·	all emerged by the early 2000s while
1:57	·	Montenegro further declared its own
1:59	·	independent from Serbia in 2006 and then
2:02	·	Kosovo unilaterally declared their
2:04	·	independence from Serbia 2 in 2008 which
2:07	·	remains legally disputed by Serbia and
2:09	·	therefore remains controversial in 1993
2:11	·	Czechoslovakia split into two new
2:13	·	countries czechia and Slovakia the same
2:16	·	year Eritrea managed to finally declare
2:18	·	their own independence from Ethiopia
2:19	·	after another decades long Independence
2:21	·	struggle in 1994 Pala a small Pacific
2:24	·	Island state achieved its sovereignty
2:26	·	and effective independence from the
2:27	·	United States in 2002 East Timmer became
2:30	·	the first new independent country to
2:32	·	emerge in the 21st century after a long
2:35	·	independent struggle against Indonesia
2:37	·	and then in 2011 South Sudan finally
2:39	·	achieved its own independence from the
2:41	·	rest of Sudan after another decades long
2:43	·	Independence struggle that resulted in
2:44	·	it becoming the world's youngest widely
2:46	·	recognized independent state and member
2:48	·	of the United Nations at least for now
2:51	·	dozens of new countries became
2:52	·	independent across the 199s but since
2:54	·	the 21st century began we've only seen
2:56	·	the four mostly widely recognized
2:58	·	examples of East Montenegro Kosovo and
3:01	·	South Sudan happened so far and no more
3:04	·	widely recognized examples have taken
3:05	·	place in the past 13 years now since
3:08	·	2011 and that BS an interesting question
3:11	·	what are the most likely new countries
3:13	·	that have the possibility to emerge on
3:14	·	the world stage next there are many many
3:18	·	possibilities out there that I'll cover
3:19	·	in this video and many others that I
3:21	·	won't I'm not going to cover any states
3:23	·	here that already exist in a deao sense
3:25	·	but lack widescale International
3:26	·	recognition such as Koso claimed by
3:28	·	Serbia the sahur Arab Democratic
3:30	·	Republic claimed by Morocco the Turkish
3:32	·	Republic of Northern Cypress claimed by
3:33	·	Cyprus abazia and South oia claimed by
3:36	·	Georgia transnistria claimed by mova
3:38	·	Somali land claimed by Somalia or the
3:40	·	Republic of China on Taiwan claimed by
3:41	·	the People's Republic of China on the
3:43	·	mainland I'm only going to cover
3:45	·	potential new independent states that
3:47	·	don't yet exist in either a legal desure
3:49	·	sense nor in a deao sense and so to
3:52	·	start this list off it seems most likely
3:54	·	right now that the next newest country
3:56	·	that will emerge soon and that will
3:58	·	probably also be widely recognized as
	·	Bougainville
4:00	·	the 194th member of the United Nations
4:03	·	will be banville in the Western Pacific
4:05	·	banville is geographically the
4:07	·	westernmost en largest island in the
4:08	·	Solomon Islands archipelago but while
4:10	·	the rest of the Solomon Islands are an
4:11	·	independent nation banville has long
4:14	·	been politically a part of Papua New
4:15	·	Guin instead the history dates back to
4:17	·	the very end of the 19th century in 1899
4:20	·	when the colonial German Empire laid
4:22	·	claim to banville and annexed it into
4:23	·	their nearby colony of German New Guinea
4:26	·	then during World War I the Australians
4:28	·	invaded and occupied the German colony
4:29	·	in ug Guinea including banville and
4:32	·	after the war's conclusion in 1920 all
4:34	·	of modern day Papu and ug Guinea became
4:35	·	an Australian mandate through the League
4:37	·	of Nations which led to a long era of
4:39	·	more than 60 years of nearly continuous
4:42	·	Australian administration of the
4:43	·	territory that was only briefly
4:45	·	interrupted by the Japanese invasion of
4:47	·	World War II after the war PPA New
4:49	·	Guinea evolved into a un mandate under
4:51	·	Australian Administration and then in
4:53	·	the 1960s Australian geologists
4:56	·	discovered that banville had massive
4:58	·	deposits of copper on the Island so the
5:01	·	Australian authorities did what every
5:02	·	other colonial government at the time
5:03	·	was doing and set up a huge copper mine
5:06	·	on the island in 1972 that at the time
5:08	·	was the largest open pit mine operating
5:11	·	anywhere in the world the copper mine
5:13	·	quickly became hugely important to the
5:14	·	economy of Papa New Guinea it alone
5:16	·	produced more than 45% of Papua New
5:19	·	Guinea's entire National export revenue
5:21	·	and the government received 20% of the
5:22	·	mine's total profits of which the
5:25	·	indigenous people of banville themselves
5:27	·	only received a 0.5% to 1 25% share of
5:30	·	the total profit thousands of outside
5:33	·	workers from the Papa New Guinea
5:34	·	Mainland and from Australia came to work
5:36	·	at the banville mine across the 1970s
5:38	·	and as more of them came and most of the
5:40	·	prophets left the island the indigenous
5:41	·	people in bugville began growing
5:43	·	increasingly resentful there are massive
5:46	·	cultural and linguistic differences
5:47	·	between the Papua guine Mainland and
5:49	·	banville Papua New guine itself is
5:51	·	usually classified as being the most
5:52	·	linguistically diverse country in the
5:54	·	entire world with no less than 893
5:57	·	separate languages that are known to be
5:59	·	spoken in the country country it's also
6:00	·	extremely rural with only about 133% of
6:03	·	the population today living in cities
6:05	·	across some of the most challenging
6:06	·	mountainous and rainforest terrain on
6:08	·	the planet Papa New Guinea is still such
6:10	·	an isolated and remote part of the world
6:12	·	that there isn't even an accepted
6:13	·	consensus on what the country's actual
6:15	·	population is still today the government
6:18	·	officially reports their population
6:19	·	today to be about 9.4 million but there
6:22	·	are credible studies conducted as
6:24	·	recently as December of 2022 then
6:26	·	estimate the true population of the
6:28	·	country is actually closer to 7
6:30	·	million people nearly double what the
6:31	·	government actually reports compared to
6:34	·	the Papa New Guinea Mainland banville is
6:37	·	much smaller and less populated with
6:38	·	only around 300,000 residents today
6:41	·	whose culture and ethnicity is more
6:42	·	closely related to the melanesians of
6:44	·	the neighboring Solomon Islands then to
6:46	·	the Papua New Guinea Mainland and so
6:48	·	perhaps understandably conflict began to
6:50	·	Bubble Up to the surface between
6:52	·	banville and Papua New Guinea after the
6:53	·	opening of the massive open pit copper
6:55	·	mine in the early 1970s Australia
6:58	·	granted Papa new guinia Independence in
7:00	·	September of 1975 that included banville
7:03	·	but just a few days before the
7:05	·	Independence was granted banville
7:06	·	unilaterally declared itself as the
7:08	·	independent republic of the north
7:09	·	Solomons instead but after it failed to
7:12	·	gain any International recognition
7:14	·	banville agreed on a settlement several
7:15	·	months later in August of 1976 to become
7:18	·	absorbed into Papa New Guinea with a
7:19	·	degree of political autonomy but
7:21	·	tensions between banville and the Papa
7:23	·	New Guinea government over the continued
7:24	·	operation of the mine on the island
7:26	·	continued growing until they exploded in
7:28	·	outright Rebellion in 1988 when a
7:31	·	separatist faction on the island called
7:32	·	the banville Revolutionary Army rose up
7:34	·	to fight for banville independence this
7:37	·	resulted in a truly devastating decade
7:40	·	war for independence that lasted until
7:42	·	1998 and which has been described by
7:44	·	leaders as the largest military conflict
7:46	·	to have been fought in the region of
7:47	·	Oceania since the second world war as
7:50	·	the Papa New Guinea government cracked
7:51	·	down on banville hard in order to
7:53	·	maintain their access to the Island's
7:55	·	crucial copper mine Papu Nini enforced a
7:58	·	total Maritime blockade of the Island
8:00	·	and deployed thousands of their soldiers
8:01	·	to the island to enforce Papua New
8:03	·	guin's Authority estimates vary greatly
8:06	·	as to how many people were killed in the
8:08	·	decade long War but it's usually
8:10	·	estimated that between 15,000 and 20,000
8:12	·	people in banville died during the
8:14	·	conflict while at least 300 Papu guini
8:17	·	soldiers were killed and thousands more
8:19	·	were wounded that means that in the
8:21	·	decade long war for independence between
8:23	·	1988 to 1998 roughly 10% of banville
8:27	·	entire pre-war population died while
8:29	·	tens of thousands more were placed into
8:31	·	internally displaced person camps the
8:33	·	two Waring sides agreed on a ceasefire
8:35	·	in 1997 and Papo Nini forces began
8:38	·	withdrawing from the island the
8:39	·	following year in 1998 while Australian
8:42	·	peacekeepers came in to take their place
8:44	·	a formal peace agreement was settled
8:46	·	between banville and the papini
8:47	·	government in 2001 that solidified
8:49	·	banville status as a fully autonomous
8:52	·	part of the country and which also
8:53	·	granted banville the right to hold a
8:55	·	non-binding referendum on outright
8:57	·	Independence within 20 years in the
8:59	·	future that promised referendum was
9:01	·	eventually held in banville at the end
9:02	·	of 2019 which saw an absolutely
9:05	·	overwhelming vote of
9:07	·	98.3% of Voters on the island choosing
9:10	·	independence with a huge
9:12	·	87.4% voter turnout showing that the
9:15	·	will of the banville people clearly
9:17	·	desired Independence and though the
9:19	·	referendum was technically non-binding
9:21	·	on the part of the Papa New Guinea
9:22	·	government the overwhelming results of
9:24	·	it for Independence and all of the
9:26	·	previous history have made it extremely
9:28	·	difficult for the government just to
9:30	·	Simply ignore it and so in July of 2021
9:33	·	banville and the Papo New Guinea
9:34	·	government came to an agreement that
9:36	·	banville will be granted its formal
9:38	·	independence from the country no earlier
9:40	·	than 2025 and no later than 2027 pending
9:44	·	legal ratification by the Papa New
9:46	·	Guinea Parliament and although to date
9:48	·	when this video was made that
9:49	·	ratification hasn't been given yet it
9:51	·	seems fairly certain still that banville
9:53	·	will become the world's next largely
9:55	·	recognized independent country sometime
9:57	·	by 2027 and will likely replace South
10:00	·	Sudan as the world's youngest
10:01	·	independent country by then but what
10:04	·	about other less likely candidates for
10:06	·	new countries to emerge relatively
	·	New Caledonia
10:07	·	nearby to banville is also new calonia
10:10	·	which is probably at least in my opinion
10:12	·	the next most likely place to eventually
10:14	·	become a newly independent country New
10:16	·	Caledonia currently Still Remains as a
10:17	·	legal overseas territory of France
10:19	·	despite the fact that the island is in
10:21	·	the Pacific and is located about 177,000
10:23	·	kmers away from Metropolitan France over
10:25	·	on the other side of the world in Europe
10:27	·	the French annexed new calonia back in
10:29	·	1853 and ever since then successive
10:31	·	waves of European Polynesian and other
10:33	·	settlers have come to the island that
10:35	·	have made the indigenous ethnic konok
10:36	·	people on the island of minority where
10:38	·	today they only represent about 41% of
10:41	·	new caledonia's total population of
10:42	·	about 270,000 people with Europeans
10:45	·	representing another 24% of the
10:47	·	population and various Polynesians and
10:49	·	other groups representing most of the
10:50	·	rest for decades under French colonial
10:52	·	rule in the 19th and early 20th
10:54	·	centuries the indigenous kanak were
10:55	·	largely marginalized excluded from the
10:57	·	Island's economy and eventually confined
10:59	·	into a system of reservations like
11:00	·	indigenous Americans were in the Western
11:02	·	Hemisphere by the 1970s a modern
11:04	·	Independence and sovereignty movement
11:06	·	began growing in popularity among the
11:08	·	indigenous kanok people on the island
11:09	·	who were frustrated with their lower
11:11	·	socioeconomic status relative to the
11:13	·	European settlers of the island and so
11:15	·	the movement steadily adopted more
11:16	·	violent methods to advance their cause
11:19	·	the biggest violent incident occurred in
11:20	·	1988 when a group of 30 heavily armed
11:23	·	kanok Independence Fighters attacked a
11:25	·	French military outpost on the island
11:27	·	killing four French soldiers and taking
11:28	·	another 36 people including some
11:30	·	civilians as hostages the group demanded
11:33	·	that the hostages would be released in
11:34	·	exchange for serious talks with the
11:36	·	French government on the independence of
11:38	·	New Caledonia France refused to
11:40	·	negotiate and deployed a crack hostage
11:42	·	recovery team made up of dozens of
11:43	·	French Commandos paratroopers and G
11:46	·	counterterror specialist to raid them
11:48	·	instead in the ensuing raid the French
11:50	·	killed 19 of the kic hostage takers and
11:53	·	successfully freed all of the hostages
11:55	·	while two of the French soldiers in the
11:56	·	assault team were also killed resulting
11:58	·	in the total deaths of 25 people during
12:01	·	the bloody incident in the aftermath the
12:03	·	French government and the kanuk
12:05	·	independence movement agreed on a
12:06	·	10-year truce to secure stability on the
12:08	·	island and after the decade had passed
12:10	·	in 1998 without any other major
12:12	·	incidents the French government and the
12:14	·	major Pro and anti-independence parties
12:16	·	on the island all signed the newa Accord
12:19	·	which established a 20-year transitional
12:20	·	period until 2018 in which certain
12:22	·	powers would be transferred to the local
12:24	·	government and which also guaranteed
12:26	·	that after those 20 years beginning in
12:28	·	2018 new calonia would be allowed to
12:30	·	host three separate Independence
12:32	·	referendums that would determine the
12:34	·	Island's future political status and so
12:37	·	the first of these Independence
12:38	·	referendums in New Caledonia was hosted
12:39	·	in 2018 which was soundly rejected with
12:43	·	56.7% of Voters choosing to remain with
12:45	·	France and only 43.3% of Voters choosing
12:48	·	independence with a total voter turnout
12:50	·	on the island of
12:52	·	81% then the second Independence
12:54	·	referendum was hosted a couple years
12:55	·	later in 2020 That Grew much more narrow
12:58	·	this time with only 53.3% of Voters
13:01	·	choosing to remain with France and 46.7%
13:04	·	of Voters choosing to become independent
13:06	·	with an even higher voter turnout this
13:08	·	time of
13:09	·	85.7% the momentum appeared to be rising
13:12	·	for the pro- independent side and with
13:14	·	the final referendum on Independence
13:16	·	scheduled for December 2021 all eyes
13:18	·	were fixated on what would happen next
13:22	·	but in between the second and third
13:23	·	referendums the covid-19 pandemic hit
13:26	·	the island and ravaged it which resulted
13:28	·	in more than three 300 deaths that
13:30	·	disproportionately affected the
13:31	·	indigenous Kana community that was more
13:33	·	pro-independence it quickly became clear
13:36	·	that the next referendum would take
13:37	·	place during a period of customary
13:38	·	mourning within the Kana Community for
13:40	·	their lost ones but the government's
13:42	·	Health restrictions had made campaigning
13:43	·	for the final referendum largely
13:45	·	impossible so the pro-independence
13:47	·	parties on the island became worried
13:49	·	that this would all contribute to a
13:50	·	lower voter turnout than in either of
13:52	·	the previous referendums and so they
13:54	·	began asking the French government to
13:56	·	reschedule the final referendum until
13:58	·	after the pandemic get settled down more
14:00	·	but the French government refused to
14:01	·	reschedule the referendum and went ahead
14:03	·	with it as originally planned in
14:04	·	December of 2021 which led to all of the
14:07	·	pro-independence parties on the island
14:09	·	announcing that they would boycott the
14:10	·	vote and protest as a result the remain
14:13	·	with France Choice secured an
14:15	·	overwhelming
14:16	·	96.5% of the 2021 vote while only 3.5%
14:20	·	of Voters chose Independence and with a
14:24	·	very low voter turnout this time of only
14:26	·	43.9% of the island since all the
14:29	·	pro-independence parties had boycotted
14:31	·	it but none of that stopped France's
14:33	·	president Emanuel macron from visiting
14:35	·	New Caledonia himself afterwards where
14:37	·	he proudly proclaimed that the 2021 vote
14:40	·	had confirmed the will of caledonians to
14:42	·	stay French while he further emphasized
14:44	·	the new calonia had a vital role to play
14:47	·	in France's geopolitical strategy for
14:49	·	the Indo Pacific region new calonia
14:51	·	places Sovereign French territory
14:53	·	relatively nearby to the South China Sea
14:56	·	Taiwan and China while new calonia much
14:58	·	like Bo enville is also rich in specific
15:01	·	natural resources new calonia is
15:03	·	specifically HED to between 10% and 25%
15:06	·	of all the world's proven reserves of
15:08	·	nickel a metal that is becoming
15:10	·	increasingly important as a major
15:11	·	component of batteries and electric
15:13	·	vehicles France's control over new
15:15	·	calonia makes it the fourth largest
15:17	·	producer of nickel in the entire world
15:19	·	remaining only behind the likes of
15:21	·	Russia the Philippines and Indonesia
15:23	·	after the controversial 2021 referendum
15:25	·	France has publicly left open the
15:27	·	possibility that another referendum on
15:29	·	Independence could be hosted in New
15:30	·	Caledonia again within the time span of
15:32	·	one or two more Generations from now or
15:35	·	in other words maybe in 20 to 40 years
15:37	·	from now but the pro-independence
15:39	·	parties in New Caledonia have all
15:41	·	adamantly rejected this timeline and
15:43	·	they're currently in the process of
15:44	·	attempting to challenge the 2021
15:46	·	referendum results to the international
15:47	·	court of justice in the ha but it's
15:49	·	unclear if the court will actually even
15:51	·	agree to hear their case or not as it
15:53	·	stands now new caledonia's near-term
15:56	·	future looks like it will continue
15:57	·	remaining as a part of France but in the
16:00	·	more distant future another referendum
16:02	·	could potentially always happen that
16:03	·	could lead to the Island's Independence
16:05	·	eventually remaining within the
16:07	·	indopacific region we'll refocus a bit
	·	Western New Guinea
16:09	·	on the area of Western New Guinea the
16:11	·	Western half of the island of New Guinea
16:12	·	that is politically controlled by
16:14	·	Indonesia like the other half of the
16:15	·	island that's independent under Papua
16:17	·	New Guinea Western New Guinea is one of
16:19	·	the most remote isolated and undeveloped
16:21	·	corners of the world remaining in the
16:22	·	21st century home to only about 5.6
16:25	·	million people today in an area that's
16:26	·	larger than Japan it's also one of the
16:28	·	most sparsely populated regions of the
16:30	·	world as well the area is so remote and
16:32	·	its mountainous jungle interior so
16:35	·	difficult to access that it's estimated
16:36	·	there are still at least 40 uncontacted
16:38	·	tribes remaining there who maintain no
16:40	·	contact with the outside world and
16:42	·	continue living a prehistoric hunter
16:44	·	gatherer lifestyle more than 400
16:46	·	languages are believed to be spoken in
16:48	·	Western New Guinea while the largest
16:49	·	settlement in the territory jaap Pera is
16:52	·	more than 3700 km or 2300 M away from
16:55	·	Indonesia's Capital Jakarta about as far
16:58	·	away as London is from Armenia as a
17:00	·	result the culture and ethnicity in
17:01	·	Western ug Guinea is extremely different
17:03	·	and isolated from the rest of Indonesia
17:06	·	and there's been an ongoing separatist
17:07	·	movement in the region for decades
17:09	·	pretty much ever since Indonesia took
17:11	·	the area over when Indonesia declared
17:13	·	its independence from the Netherlands in
17:15	·	August of 1945 it initially didn't
17:17	·	include the Western half in New Guinea
17:19	·	which still remained under Dutch
17:20	·	Colonial control the Dutch wanted to
17:22	·	retain their own control over Western ug
17:24	·	Guinea and effectively turn it into a
17:25	·	self-governing territory of theirs but
17:28	·	Indonesia seriousely contested this
17:30	·	asserting that it was the legal
17:32	·	successor to all of the territory of the
17:33	·	former Dutch East Indies which included
17:36	·	all of Western New Guinea 2o a decade
17:38	·	and a half later in 1961 the Dutch
17:40	·	prepared to Grant Western ug Guinea
17:42	·	their separate Independence which led to
17:44	·	the first raising of the Region's
17:45	·	morning star flag in its history a
17:48	·	symbol that has ever since become deeply
17:49	·	attached to the west Papa Independence
17:51	·	Movement but Indonesia's Fierce
17:53	·	opposition to this development led to
17:55	·	them and the Netherlands coming together
17:57	·	to negotiate the New York agreement in
17:59	·	1962 which made it so that instead of
18:01	·	becoming outright independent Western
18:03	·	New Guinea's Authority would be
18:04	·	temporarily transferred from the Dutch
18:06	·	to the United Nations and then later
18:08	·	transferred again to the Indonesian
18:09	·	government who had then handled the
18:11	·	preparation for a self-determination
18:13	·	referendum in the territory to take
18:14	·	place that would determine its ultimate
18:16	·	future in the years that Then followed
18:18	·	Indonesian government forces reportedly
18:20	·	began arresting and exiling
18:21	·	pro-independence political activists and
18:23	·	leaders in the territory and when they
18:25	·	finally allowed a referendum on the
18:26	·	territory status to take place in 196 9
18:29	·	rather than opening it up to everybody
18:31	·	in the territory with one vote per
18:33	·	person the Indonesians only granted a
18:35	·	total of
18:36	·	1,22 local Representatives that they had
18:38	·	handpicked to take part in the
18:40	·	referendum the right to actually vote on
18:42	·	it who naturally all voted unanimously
18:45	·	to merge Western ug Guinea with
18:46	·	Indonesia the Indonesian authorities
18:48	·	have argued ever since that that system
18:50	·	of Representative voting was necessary
18:52	·	because of the territory's
18:53	·	geographically difficult terrain
18:55	·	remoteness and the lack of development
18:57	·	in the region but nonetheless class a
18:59	·	militant pro-independence movement was
19:01	·	born in Western New Guinea that is since
19:03	·	evolved into the modern free Papa
19:04	·	movement which continues to violently
19:06	·	fight against the Indonesian State for
19:08	·	the independence of Western New Guinea
19:10	·	and since 2021 the movement has been
19:12	·	considered as a terrorist organization
19:14	·	by the Indonesian government while even
19:16	·	flying the movement's morning star flag
19:18	·	is legally considered by the Indonesian
19:20	·	government to be treason that can carry
19:22	·	up to a 7 to 20e prison sentence and
19:24	·	since the Indonesian government is very
19:26	·	strict about allowing foreign journalist
19:28	·	permission to enter the territory the
19:30	·	information on what exactly the
19:32	·	situation looks like in the territory
19:33	·	from an independence perspective is very
19:35	·	difficult to par so who really
19:38	·	ultimately knows Western ug Guinea could
19:40	·	eventually become an independent country
19:42	·	and free itself from Indonesian rule
19:43	·	like East Timber did before it in 2002
19:46	·	or it might also not but either way
19:49	·	another island territory that's probably
19:50	·	a lot more certain to eventually become
19:52	·	an independent country one day is going
	·	Greenland
19:54	·	to be Greenland Greenland is currently
19:57	·	governed as an autonomous territory
19:58	·	belong into the Kingdom of Denmark as it
20:00	·	has for centuries ever since 1814 when
20:02	·	Denmark acquired the territory from
20:04	·	Norway since that time Denmark fully
20:06	·	Incorporated Greenland into the Danish
20:08	·	state in 1953 when it granted all of
20:10	·	Greenland's residents Danish citizenship
20:12	·	while in 1979 Denmark granted Greenland
20:15	·	a referendum on home rule that was
20:17	·	approved while a further referendum on
20:19	·	increasing the Island's self-government
20:21	·	even more was granted in 2008 that was
20:23	·	also approved by 75% of Voters that
20:26	·	transferred most of the Danish
20:27	·	government's authorities and respons
20:28	·	responsibilities in Greenland to the
20:30	·	local greenlandic government leaving
20:31	·	pretty much only Greenland's foreign and
20:33	·	defense policies monetary policy and
20:35	·	citizenship policy still in the hands of
20:37	·	Denmark despite its huge Geographic size
20:39	·	though Greenland's population is very
20:41	·	small today and only about 57,000 people
20:44	·	only about the same as a medium-sized
20:46	·	town and about 90% of the small
20:48	·	population on the island are ethnically
20:50	·	Inuit While most of the remaining 10%
20:52	·	are composed of Danes and other European
20:54	·	ethnicities under the terms of the 2008
20:56	·	self-government referendum that was
20:57	·	overwhelmingly approved in Greenland the
21:00	·	island was also granted the right by
21:01	·	Denmark to hold an independence
21:03	·	referendum whenever they wanted to to
21:05	·	determine the Island's ultimate
21:06	·	political status in future despite This
21:09	·	legal ability to call a referendum
21:11	·	though there has long been a lot of
21:12	·	hesitation within Greenland to actually
21:14	·	move forward with fullscale Independence
21:16	·	rather than maintaining the status quo
21:18	·	as an autonomous part of Denmark Denmark
21:21	·	currently maintains a generous annual
21:23	·	subsidy to the island of $500 million a
21:25	·	year which accounts for 20% of
21:27	·	Greenland's entire small economy and
21:30	·	provides for more than half of the local
21:31	·	greenlandic government's budget moreover
21:33	·	through Denmark greenlandic residents
21:35	·	are also all citizens of the European
21:37	·	Union as well if Greenland decided to go
21:39	·	their own separate way from Denmark they
21:42	·	would almost certainly lose the Danish
21:43	·	subsidies and lose their EU citizenship
21:46	·	as well which would almost certainly
21:47	·	negatively affect the greenlandic
21:49	·	economy nonetheless support for
21:51	·	Independence in Greenland appears to
21:53	·	remain fairly High a 2019 poll conducted
21:55	·	by the University of Copenhagen in
21:57	·	Greenland found that a w being
21:59	·	67.7% of adults in Greenland desired the
22:02	·	island to become a fully independent
22:03	·	state at some point in the future with
22:05	·	32.4% of greenlandic adults further
22:07	·	insisting that secession will still
22:09	·	benefit their economy and improve their
22:11	·	living conditions in April of 2023 the
22:14	·	movement for full greenlandic
22:15	·	Independence appeared to advance
22:17	·	significantly when the greenlandic
22:19	·	parliament unveiled its first ever draft
22:21	·	Constitution the Greenland could one day
22:23	·	rely upon if it ever comes to
22:24	·	negotiating its independence from
22:26	·	Denmark in the event that Greenland
22:28	·	hosts arest referendum on Independence
22:29	·	that passes this draft Constitution will
22:31	·	become the framework for a final
22:33	·	Constitution that will transform
22:35	·	Greenland into an independent republic
22:37	·	and though no discussions on a timeline
22:39	·	for an independence referendum have been
22:40	·	put forward yet the next parliamentary
22:42	·	election in Greenland is currently
22:44	·	scheduled for next year in 2025 and its
22:47	·	results could indicate whether or not
22:48	·	the independence movement on the island
22:50	·	will move further forward it therefore
22:52	·	wouldn't be terribly surprising if
22:54	·	Greenland one day soon does actually
22:56	·	host a legal referendum on Independence
22:58	·	that passes and makes itself one of the
23:00	·	world's newest independent countries in
23:02	·	the process while other prospective
23:04	·	independent country candidates may find
23:05	·	it difficult to secure the right to a
23:07	·	legal referendum of their own one other
	·	󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 Scotland
23:10	·	such prospective candidate is Scotland
23:12	·	where the idea of an independent
23:13	·	Scottish nation has been around for a
23:15	·	very long time Scotland indeed was an
23:18	·	independent Kingdom for many centuries
23:20	·	across the middle ages and fought many
23:22	·	wars against England to maintain that
23:24	·	Independence Scotland was first joined
23:26	·	with England in a personal Union in 160
23:28	·	3 when the King of Scotland at the time
23:30	·	James I 6 also became the king of
23:32	·	England at the same time as John the a
23:35	·	century later Scotland and England were
23:37	·	formly unified politically into a single
23:39	·	Kingdom through the acts of Union in
23:40	·	1707 that established the modern United
23:43	·	Kingdom as we still know it today though
23:45	·	Scotland continued to maintain its own
23:47	·	separate Regional identity and culture
23:49	·	all throughout the centuries the modern
23:51	·	movement for Scottish independence from
23:52	·	the UK began to gain momentum in the
23:54	·	late 20th century and by 1999 the UK
23:57	·	government allowed for the establish
23:58	·	ment of a devolved Scottish Parliament
24:00	·	that came under the governing authority
24:01	·	of the pro-independence Scottish
24:03	·	national party or SNP by 2007 and then
24:06	·	by 2011 the SNP had won the outright
24:09	·	majority of seats in the Scottish
24:10	·	Parliament which the British government
24:12	·	agreed to legally grant them three years
24:14	·	later in 2014 in the Scotland wide
24:17	·	referendum that took place that year
24:18	·	voters were asked Point Blank should
24:20	·	Scotland be an independent country the
24:23	·	previous months and years worth of
24:24	·	intense campaigning from both the remain
24:26	·	and leave sides of the question led to a
24:29	·	significant
24:30	·	84.6% voter turnout in Scotland that saw
24:33	·	more than 3.6 million Scots going to the
24:36	·	polls and in the end after the votes had
24:38	·	been counted and tallied the choice to
24:40	·	remain with the UK was clear with 55.3%
24:43	·	of Voters choosing to remain with the UK
24:46	·	and rejecting Independence up against
24:48	·	44.7% of Voters who had answered the
24:50	·	question with a yes and were in favor of
24:53	·	Independence but then just 2 years later
24:56	·	in 2016 the UK hosted a another
24:58	·	referendum that this time the entire
25:00	·	country participated in on whether or
25:02	·	not the country should remain or
25:04	·	withdraw from the European Union
25:06	·	referred to as the brexit referendum it
25:08	·	saw a total Nationwide voter turnout of
25:11	·	72.2% in which a slight majority of
25:14	·	Voters 51.9% of them selected that the
25:17	·	UK should withdraw from the European
25:19	·	Union while 48.1% of Voters chose to
25:22	·	remain in the EU the vote sent into
25:24	·	motion the process of the UK formally
25:26	·	withdrawing from the European Union
25:28	·	which was completed 4 years later in
25:30	·	2020 but during the 2016 brexit vote not
25:33	·	all parts of the UK voted equally
25:36	·	England and Wales both largely voted to
25:38	·	leave the EU while London Northern
25:40	·	Ireland and Scotland all voted more
25:41	·	largely to remain within Scotland voters
25:44	·	were significantly more in favor of
25:46	·	remaining with the EU than elsewhere in
25:48	·	the country with 62% of Scottish voters
25:51	·	in the referendum choosing to remain in
25:52	·	the EU compared with only 38% who voted
25:55	·	to leave one of the primary reasons that
25:58	·	many Scottish voters had chosen to
26:00	·	remain within the UK back in the
26:01	·	previous 2014 referendum was at the time
26:04	·	the perceived headache that would happen
26:06	·	with Scotland leaving the UK and
26:08	·	therefore leaving the EU as well which
26:10	·	would have left Scotland outside of the
26:12	·	EU and forced them to reapply to join
26:14	·	back in which would have ended up taking
26:15	·	an unknown amount of time to get
26:17	·	themselves re-accepted but then after
26:19	·	2016 it became clear that the UK was
26:22	·	leaving the EU anyway and dragging
26:24	·	Scotland along with it which quickly led
26:26	·	to frequent demands from the Scottish
26:28	·	National Party On hosting a second
26:30	·	referendum on Scottish independence
26:32	·	since the material circumstances of the
26:34	·	UK's position in the European Union had
26:36	·	fundamentally changed Scotland's first
26:39	·	Minister Nicholas sturgeon requested
26:41	·	another Independence referendum from UK
26:43	·	prime minister Boris Johnson in 2019
26:46	·	which was denied on the basis that the
26:47	·	2014 referendum was supposedly a once in
26:50	·	a generation event then in January of
26:53	·	2021 sturgeon again claimed that a
26:55	·	second Independence referendum would be
26:57	·	held if the pro-independence parties won
26:59	·	a majority of seats in that Year's
27:01	·	Scottish parliamentary election which
27:03	·	indeed ended up happening and so then in
27:05	·	June of 2022 sturgeon proposed that a
27:08	·	second Independence referendum would be
27:09	·	held a year later in October of 2023
27:12	·	provided that the legality and
27:14	·	constitutionality of the referendum was
27:16	·	guaranteed so she again requested
27:18	·	another referendum from the prime
27:20	·	minister at the time Boris Johnson which
27:22	·	was once again refused then in November
27:25	·	of 2022 the UK Supreme Court ruled that
27:27	·	the Scottish Parliament doesn't have the
27:29	·	legal Authority or the power to
27:30	·	unilaterally call for another
27:32	·	Independence referendum and so
27:33	·	sturgeon's current stance is that the
27:35	·	next upcoming UK general election in
27:37	·	January of 2025 will serve as a deao
27:40	·	referendum on Scotland's Independence
27:42	·	anyway the legal route to Scotland
27:44	·	holding another referendum on
27:45	·	Independence anytime soon is now in
27:47	·	seriously grave doubt while opinion
27:49	·	pulling on the matter in Scotland has
27:51	·	shown a recent Trend further towards
27:53	·	favoring Independence after the Supreme
27:55	·	Court's final judgment in November of
27:57	·	2022 the first five polls conducted
28:00	·	showed that a slight majority of Scots
28:02	·	were in favor of Independence ranging
28:04	·	from between 51% and 56% in favor while
28:07	·	a separate Nationwide poll showed that
28:09	·	for the very first time a majority of
28:11	·	all UK residents 55% of them Express
28:15	·	support for the Scottish government
28:16	·	being granted the right to hold a second
28:18	·	referendum on Independence so again who
28:21	·	really knows how this will all shape up
28:22	·	in the future legally the path to
28:24	·	Scotland's Independence currently seems
28:26	·	pretty closed at this point but if
28:28	·	opinion polling continues to suggest
28:29	·	that a majority of Scots are in favor of
28:31	·	Independence the British government may
28:33	·	eventually not be able to ignore the
28:35	·	demands of a second referendum forever
28:38	·	but it can also always turn into a
28:39	·	similar situation that's been going on
	·	Catalonia
28:41	·	in Spain for decades now with their own
28:43	·	major separatist movements in Catalonia
28:44	·	and the bass country the Catalin are a
28:46	·	romance ethnic group who traditionally
28:48	·	straddle the Eastern Mediterranean shore
28:50	·	of the Iberian Peninsula the Catalin
28:52	·	Trace their history in the region back
28:54	·	centuries while their language Catalan
28:56	·	is a romance language but one that is
28:57	·	distinct different from the neighboring
28:59	·	Spanish or French in the modern day
29:01	·	region of Catalonia and Northeastern
29:02	·	Spain roughly 37.6% of the population
29:05	·	today are native speakers of Catalan
29:07	·	over Spanish which has about 3 million
29:09	·	people there however the modern
29:11	·	independence movement in Catalonia can
29:13	·	be traced back to the late 19th and
29:14	·	early 20th centuries when a sense of
29:16	·	separate Catalan nationalism began
29:18	·	taking root they consider their identity
29:20	·	as being distinctly separate from that
29:22	·	of Spain in 1931 after the proclamation
29:24	·	of the second Spanish Republic Catalonia
29:26	·	was granted wide sweeping at autonomy
29:28	·	and home rule within Spain with its own
29:30	·	local Parliament and even its own
29:32	·	separate elected president but then
29:34	·	after the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to
29:36	·	1939 ended with a victory for the
29:38	·	Nationalist side and the establishment
29:39	·	of an authoritarian dictatorship under
29:41	·	General Francisco Franco Catalonia's
29:43	·	previous and brief era of autonomy was
29:45	·	completely crushed and reversed the
29:47	·	Catalan language was completely banned
29:49	·	and repressed as the francoist regime
29:51	·	attempted to enforce a unified Spanish
29:53	·	culture and language across the entire
29:55	·	country Franco as Spain continue to
29:57	·	exist until Franco himself died decades
30:00	·	later in 1975 which finally allowed
30:03	·	Catalan culture and political parties to
30:05	·	begin reemerging and advocating for the
30:06	·	restoration of their autonomy once again
30:09	·	with the restoration of democracy in
30:11	·	Spain in 1977 Catalonia received a new
30:14	·	statute of autonomy from the Spanish
30:16	·	government in 1979 and then decades
30:18	·	later in 2006 when a socialist
30:21	·	government was in power in Madrid that
30:22	·	was more sympathetic to Cataline rights
30:25	·	a referendum in Catalonia was allowed to
30:26	·	be held that would span the Region's
30:28	·	political and cultural autonomy even
30:30	·	further with a brand new statute that
30:32	·	was approved of by voters and then by
30:34	·	both the Catalan and Spanish governments
30:36	·	but then just 4 years later after that
30:39	·	in 2010 the Spanish constitutional Court
30:42	·	ruled on the new autonomy law and
30:43	·	effectively gutted it rewriting 14 of
30:46	·	the laws articles and dictating the
30:48	·	interpretation for 27 additional
30:50	·	articles this was the event that
30:51	·	triggered huge protests all across
30:54	·	Catalonia that included a March in
30:55	·	Barcelona of more than a million people
30:58	·	strong and as time went on from there
31:00	·	the angry calls within Catalonia
31:02	·	gradually shifted from increased
31:03	·	autonomy to outright independence by
31:06	·	2012 a poll released by the center for
31:08	·	opinion studies run by the Catalan
31:10	·	government showed that support for
31:11	·	Catalonia's Independence within the
31:13	·	territory had risen to an unprecedented
31:15	·	level of
31:16	·	57% and then the UK agreeed to Grant
31:19	·	Scotland the legal right to host their
31:21	·	own independence referendum added
31:23	·	further fuel to the fire parties across
31:25	·	the political Spectrum in Catalonia
31:27	·	formed a Coalition calling for the
31:29	·	Region's Independence the Catalan
31:31	·	government demanded a formal
31:32	·	Independence referendum be granted to
31:34	·	them which the Spanish government simply
31:36	·	refused to allow nonetheless in spite of
31:39	·	the Spanish government's refusal to
31:40	·	allow a legal referendum to take place
31:42	·	the Catalan political authorities
31:44	·	organized an illegal referendum anyway
31:46	·	in 2017 that generated an incredible
31:50	·	amount of controversy and drama before
31:52	·	the referendum was even held on the 1st
31:53	·	of October of that year the Spanish
31:55	·	government and constitutional Court
31:57	·	declared the ref referendum to be
31:58	·	unconstitutional and illegal a few weeks
32:00	·	beforehand while the Spanish police
32:02	·	began a widescale Crackdown of the
32:04	·	referendum in polling stations all
32:06	·	across Catalonia leaning up to the vote
32:08	·	and after it which included physical
32:10	·	assaults on voters and seized ballots
32:12	·	anti-independence parties in Catalonia
32:14	·	declared a boycott of the vote and so
32:16	·	when the referendum was finally held on
32:18	·	the 1st of October 2017 voter turnout
32:21	·	came in very low at only 43% of
32:23	·	registered voters still 92% of those
32:27	·	voters repres representing more than 2
32:29	·	million people or about 38% of all of
32:32	·	Catalonia's registered voters still
32:34	·	chose yes on the referendum to secede
32:36	·	from Spain and form an independent
32:38	·	Catalonia within weeks the Catalin
32:40	·	government issued its formal declaration
32:42	·	of independence from Spain which
32:44	·	prompted the Spanish government to
32:45	·	respond with the nuclear option the
32:48	·	Spanish Senate voted to seize control of
32:50	·	Catalin government institutions while
32:52	·	Spain's prime minister used his
32:53	·	executive powers to dismiss Catalonia's
32:55	·	president Carlos Pont and his entire ire
32:58	·	cabinet while fresh elections in
32:59	·	Catalonia were called up to happen 2
33:01	·	months later the Spanish police raided
33:03	·	the offices of Catalonia's government
33:05	·	leaders and arrested many on
33:06	·	unprecedented charges of rebellion while
33:08	·	the former catalonian president fled
33:10	·	into exile for Belgium most of the
33:12	·	leaders were later pardoned in 2021 but
33:15	·	Catalonia's 2017 attempt to secede from
33:17	·	the country was resoundingly crushed by
33:20	·	the Spanish authorities nonetheless
33:22	·	support within Catalonia for at least a
33:24	·	legally recognized Independence
33:26	·	referendum continues to appear very high
33:28	·	an April 2023 poll suggested that 77% of
33:32	·	respondents in Catalonia at least
33:34	·	supported being granted the right to
33:36	·	hold a legally recognized referendum
33:38	·	well only about 43% of the respondents
33:40	·	in the same poll said that they still
33:42	·	favored an independent status for
33:44	·	Catalonia one of the biggest reasons
33:46	·	that the Spanish authorities are so
33:48	·	opposed to the idea of Catalan
33:49	·	Independence is that if they happen to
33:52	·	Grant it it might end up opening up a
33:54	·	Pandora's box of potential possibilities
33:56	·	and open up the CH for more of Spain's
33:59	·	ethnic and linguistic minorities to
34:00	·	demand their own independences next
	·	Basque Country
34:03	·	besides the catalans the bks have been
34:05	·	the most historically independent-minded
34:06	·	group of people in Spain and they would
34:08	·	be the most likely ones to demand their
34:10	·	own independence next the concept of the
34:12	·	Bas country extends across the borders
34:14	·	of Spain and France along the western
34:16	·	edge of their border where about 3
34:17	·	million Basque people live today the
34:19	·	vast majority of whom all live on the
34:21	·	Spanish side the indigenous language
34:23	·	that is spoken by The Basque people is
34:25	·	highly unique in the context of Europe
34:27	·	at Large The Basque language is the sole
34:29	·	surviving paleo European language on the
34:31	·	continent that remains indigenously
34:33	·	spoken today and it predates the arrival
34:35	·	of any of the Indo European languages
34:37	·	that came during the Bronze Age as a
34:40	·	result The Basque language is classified
34:42	·	as a very rare language isolate
34:44	·	remaining linguistically unrelated to
34:46	·	any other known language still spoken on
34:48	·	the planet roughly 28.4% of the people
34:51	·	in the Bas country speak The Basque
34:53	·	language natively today which is about
34:56	·	750,000 people 700,000 of whom live in
34:59	·	Spain in a concentrated Arc across the
35:01	·	Spanish Northeast Coast with the
35:02	·	Atlantic near the border with France and
35:05	·	just like with the Catalin language The
35:07	·	Basque language was also banned and
35:09	·	harshly repressed within Spain during
35:10	·	the francoist era and influenced by
35:12	·	National Liberation events that were
35:14	·	going on elsewhere at the time of the
35:15	·	early 1960s in the context of
35:17	·	decolonization a militant Basque
35:19	·	separatist organization known as ETA
35:21	·	formed in 1959 with the explicit goal of
35:24	·	using violence to secure the
35:26	·	independence of a Bas State this was the
35:29	·	beginning of the Basque conflict a half
35:31	·	a century of violence between ETA and
35:33	·	the Spanish state that would last all
35:35	·	the way up until
35:36	·	2011 during that time more than a
35:38	·	thousand people several hundred of whom
35:40	·	were civilians were killed as a result
35:43	·	of the violence that included bombings
35:44	·	and assassinations while more than
35:46	·	22,000 others were injured and what has
35:49	·	sometimes been described as the longest
35:51	·	Modern War fought in Western Europe a
35:53	·	war that continued for decades longer
35:55	·	even after Franco died and the the Bas
35:58	·	country was granted widescale autonomy
36:00	·	along with Catalonia in 1979 Eda was
36:03	·	classified as a terrorist organization
36:04	·	by Spain France the UK US and the
36:07	·	European Union but then after Decades of
36:09	·	violence Eda finally announced an end to
36:12	·	their armed struggle against the Spanish
36:13	·	state only in 2011 and they eventually
36:16	·	fully disbanded themselves altogether
36:18	·	just in 2018 The Mask region of Spain is
36:21	·	these days generally considered to have
36:22	·	the highest degree of autonomy of any
36:24	·	non-state actor in the European Union
36:27	·	were there even allowed to collect and
36:28	·	keep their own taxes and while an
36:30	·	independence referendum has never been
36:31	·	hosted in the Bas country by Spain
36:33	·	before the support for holding one among
36:35	·	the Bas appears to remain fairly strong
36:38	·	polling in the Spanish Basque country
36:40	·	has shown a steady increase in the
36:41	·	desire for Basque Independence that's
36:43	·	generally followed along with the same
36:45	·	Modern Trend that's been seen in
36:46	·	Catalonia a 2010 poll from the
36:48	·	University of the Bas country found that
36:50	·	only 30% of Bas supported independence
36:53	·	at the time compared to 55% who were
36:56	·	against it but then another poll they
36:57	·	conducted 4 years later in 2014 showed
37:00	·	that support had shifted towards 34% who
37:02	·	were in favor of Independence up against
37:05	·	52% who are opposed to it while polling
37:07	·	since 2020 has shown significantly more
37:10	·	support for Independence than before the
37:12	·	first nazio meta National barometer poll
37:15	·	which seeks to regularly measure the
37:17	·	feelings on Independence in the Bas
37:18	·	country took place in 2020 and it found
37:21	·	that 42.5% of respondents were in favor
37:24	·	of Independence up against 31.5% who
37:27	·	were opposed to it then the second nazio
37:29	·	matoa poll in March of 2021 showed 39.5%
37:33	·	in favor of Independence up against
37:35	·	29.5% opposed to it and then the most
37:38	·	recent third nazio Metro poll conducted
37:40	·	in November of 2021 showed that 40.5% of
37:44	·	respondents were in favor of
37:45	·	Independence compared with just 29.2%
37:48	·	who were opposed to it so who knows
37:51	·	maybe like Catalonia if the desire for
37:53	·	Independence within the bass country
37:54	·	continues growing and eventually gets
37:56	·	too large for the Spanish government to
37:57	·	Simply ignore a referendum may
38:00	·	eventually be granted and if Catalonia
38:02	·	ever manages its independence first it's
38:04	·	probably a certainty that the basks
38:06	·	won't be far behind them next I think
38:08	·	that at least at this rate the odds of
38:10	·	Scotland Catalonia or The Basque Country
	·	Quebec
38:12	·	one day becoming independent are greater
38:14	·	than the biggest historical separatist
38:15	·	movement over in the Western Hemisphere
38:17	·	ever succeeding Quebec Quebec has always
38:20	·	been a unique province in Canada being
38:22	·	the only one with a predominantly
38:23	·	french-speaking majority in culture KC's
38:25	·	population today is roughly 9 million
38:27	·	people and the province's sole official
38:29	·	language is French and specifically not
38:32	·	English as of the most recent 2021
38:34	·	Canadian census French is the native
38:36	·	language of more than 78% of Quebec's
38:38	·	population while roughly 94% of the
38:41	·	province's population speaks French
38:42	·	fluently compared to only 8% of the
38:45	·	population who lists English as their
38:46	·	native language and only 52% of the
38:49	·	population who consider themselves even
38:50	·	fluent in English which is AB on the
38:52	·	same level of English proficiency as
38:54	·	Greece Quebec has therefore always been
38:56	·	an isolated bubble of the French
38:58	·	language in the America surrounded on
38:59	·	all of its sides by English speakers
39:02	·	which has always contributed to a
39:03	·	certain feeling of separateness and
39:05	·	nationalism within Quebec that has never
39:07	·	really gone away the peak of Quebec
39:09	·	nationalism happened in the 1980s and
39:11	·	1990s though when the province hosted
39:13	·	two referendums on their independence
39:15	·	from Canada the first one came in 1980
39:18	·	which saw a significant 85.6% voter
39:21	·	turnout that saw the remain with Canada
39:23	·	side win handedly with a total of 59.6%
39:26	·	of the vote compared to the leave side
39:29	·	that only managed to secure 40.4% of the
39:32	·	vote but then 15 years later came
39:34	·	Quebec's second and much more
39:36	·	controversial and closer Independence
39:38	·	referendum in
39:39	·	1995 this time the second Independence
39:42	·	referendum became a massive spectacle in
39:44	·	Quebec that saw the active participation
39:46	·	and input of virtually everybody in the
39:48	·	province the second referendum secured
39:50	·	what has remained the largest voter
39:52	·	turnout in all of Quebec's entire
39:54	·	history with a whopping
39:56	·	93.5% % of registered voters in the
39:58	·	province taking part in the decision and
40:00	·	the final vote was razor thin the remain
40:03	·	with Canada side just narrowly won in
40:06	·	1995 with just
40:08	·	50.6% of the total vote compared with
40:11	·	49.4% of Voters who chose to leave and
40:14	·	make Quebec an independent country the
40:16	·	difference between the remain and leave
40:18	·	sides was merely
40:20	·	54,2 188 votes out of a total population
40:23	·	of registered voters in Quebec at the
40:25	·	time of 5, 87 ,000 meaning that just 1%
40:30	·	of the population carried the entire
40:32	·	political future of Quebec at the time
40:34	·	but ever since the narrow failure of the
40:36	·	Quebec nationalist to secure the
40:38	·	province's independence in 1995 the
40:40	·	support for further separatism in Quebec
40:42	·	appears to have gradually dwindled away
40:44	·	but has still never completely gone away
40:46	·	altogether a recent poll from leir a
40:49	·	French language newspaper in Montreal
40:51	·	was conducted in 2023 that found that
40:53	·	current support for Quebec separatism
40:55	·	stands at just 38% of the Vin's
40:57	·	population a far cry from the more than
41:00	·	49% who voted for Independence back in
41:03	·	1995 but the data from that poll
41:05	·	suggests something even more alarming to
41:07	·	the pro-independence side in Quebec most
41:10	·	of the support for Quebec separatism
41:11	·	remaining comes from older people 55
41:14	·	years and over while support for Quebec
41:16	·	separatism among the younger Generations
41:17	·	in the province is significantly lower
41:20	·	this likely means that as the years
41:22	·	continue passing on support for kbec
41:24	·	separatism while still kind of
41:25	·	substantial today will continue
41:27	·	dwindling away simply due to the
41:29	·	attrition of the older cohort that more
41:31	·	strongly supports Independence dying off
41:33	·	and the younger Generations replacing
41:35	·	them who more strongly oppose
41:37	·	Independence and from here on just about
41:40	·	every other possible Independence
41:41	·	Movement remaining in the world it could
41:43	·	happen gets pretty speculative if it
41:45	·	hasn't been enough already for example
41:48	·	it's possible that an independent
	·	Kurdistan
41:50	·	Kurdish State could one day coales in
41:52	·	the center of the Middle East the Kurds
41:54	·	are their own ethnic group who number
41:56	·	somewhere between 30 and 45 million
41:58	·	people in the area and span across the
42:00	·	modern borders of turkey Syria Iraq and
42:02	·	Iran the governments of which have
42:04	·	always been opposed to the emergence of
42:05	·	an independent Kurdish State for the
42:07	·	simple reason that if the Kurds ever
42:09	·	emerged independent in one of them they
42:11	·	would likely work together to take over
42:13	·	the territory of all the others as well
42:15	·	the Kurdish inhabited lands also include
42:17	·	the headwaters of the Tigris and
42:19	·	Euphrates rivers and Rich oil fields in
42:21	·	the lands they inhabit in Iraq which
42:23	·	together would almost certainly mean
42:25	·	that any unified independent Kurdish
42:27	·	state would become a major geopolitical
42:29	·	power that everyone else in the region
42:31	·	would then have to reckon with as a
42:33	·	result the Kurds are generally
42:35	·	considered to be among the largest
42:36	·	stateless people in the modern 21st
42:38	·	century world the Iraqi Kurds have
42:41	·	however accomplished their own political
42:43	·	autonomy within Iraq ever since 1992
42:46	·	after the US began enforcing a no-fly
42:48	·	zone over their territory that allowed
42:49	·	them to achieve the leverage they needed
42:51	·	against the Iraqi central government in
42:52	·	Baghdad to secure it which established
42:55	·	the autonomous Kurdistan Regional
42:56	·	government krg in Northern Iraq much
42:59	·	later on in 2017 the krg decided to host
43:02	·	a unilateral referendum on their
43:04	·	independence from Iraq that much like
43:06	·	the unilateral Catalonia Independence
43:08	·	referendum was deemed illegal by the
43:10	·	Iraqi central government in Baghdad
43:12	·	nonetheless the krg went ahead with the
43:14	·	2017 Independence referendum anyway that
43:17	·	saw a pretty large 72.2% voter turnout
43:20	·	that resulted in a completely
43:22	·	overwhelming vote of
43:24	·	92.7% in favor of the krg's independent
43:27	·	dependence up against only 7.3% of
43:29	·	Voters who chose to remain with Iraq
43:32	·	however the Iraqi government refused to
43:33	·	recognize the results of the referendum
43:35	·	declared it illegal and then launched a
43:37	·	full-blown military offensive into the
43:39	·	kg's territory in retaliation the Iraqi
43:42	·	Army then overran roughly 20% of the
43:44	·	krg's administered territory and killed
43:46	·	hundreds of people in the process which
43:48	·	forced the krg into conceding and
43:51	·	cancelling the results of the referendum
43:53	·	at the same time the Syrian Kurds have
43:55	·	also achieved their own deao om through
43:57	·	Force since the Syrian Civil War began
43:59	·	next door but unlike the Iraqi herds
44:02	·	they have always stopped just short of
44:04	·	asserting their own independence from
44:06	·	Syria officially only claiming their own
44:08	·	autonomous status within Syria which the
44:11	·	Assad regime in Syria still doesn't even
44:13	·	recognize as legitimate if the Syrian
44:15	·	Kurds ever took things a step further
44:16	·	and declared their own independence like
44:18	·	the Iraqi Kurds attempted to do in 2017
44:21	·	or which Turkish kurd separatist
44:23	·	factions like the pkk have been
44:24	·	attempting to also do for decades then
44:27	·	then it would almost certainly trigger
44:28	·	at least an immediate Turkish Invasion
44:31	·	or intervention to stop them from doing
44:33	·	so since turkey would then fear that if
44:35	·	they succeeded they would use their own
44:37	·	independence to ferment unrest in the
44:39	·	Kurdish inhabited area of Southeastern
44:41	·	turkey and so since the Turkish Syrian
44:43	·	and Iraqi governments would and have
44:45	·	opposed any and all moves towards formal
44:48	·	Kurdish Independence it's a development
44:50	·	that's not exceptionally likely to
44:52	·	happen anytime soon and similar to the
44:55	·	Kurds there's also the potential no
44:57	·	matter how slim for an independent state
44:59	·	for the targ people in Northern Africa
45:01	·	to eventually emerge through Force as
45:03	·	well the tar eggs are a large nomadic
45:05	·	Berber ethnic group numbering around 4
45:07	·	million people whose territory spans
45:09	·	across the modern borders of Mali ner
45:11	·	Libya and Algeria since 1916 there have
45:14	·	been at least five major targ rebellions
45:16	·	in this area demanding the creation of
45:18	·	their own independent state and the most
45:20	·	successful of all of them was the most
45:22	·	recent one that happened in 2012 back
45:25	·	then tarag Rebels managed to overrun the
45:27	·	entirety of Northern Mali including
45:28	·	mali's most populated Northern cities
45:31	·	timbuk 2 and GA the tarag rebels then
45:33	·	seize the moment to unilaterally declare
	·	Azawad
45:35	·	the independence of a state that they
45:37	·	called azawad in April of 2012 a state
45:40	·	that they envisioned as becoming the
45:41	·	Homeland for the targ people that
45:43	·	Encompass roughly 60% of mali's
45:45	·	internationally recognized territory but
45:48	·	then shortly afterwards islamist
45:49	·	factions within azawad including
45:51	·	Al-Qaeda effectively co-opted the
45:53	·	movement for themselves and then decided
45:54	·	to expand their Ambitions by launching
45:57	·	Invasion into the rest of Mali to try
45:58	·	and take over the entire country which
46:01	·	then prompted a huge French military
46:03	·	intervention against them that rapidly
46:05	·	saw French forces recapture all of
46:07	·	mali's territory and Destroy azawad
46:09	·	about as soon as it appeared without any
46:11	·	other country ever offering aaad any
46:13	·	form of diplomatic recognition then in
46:16	·	February of 2013 with all of its
46:17	·	territory lost the targs formally
46:20	·	renounced their prior claim of
46:21	·	Independence for azawad and asked Molly
46:23	·	to begin reincorporating them back into
46:25	·	the country but in recent years the
46:27	·	azawad movement has witnessed a bit of a
46:29	·	comeback again Molly experienced
46:31	·	back-to-back cou d'as in 2020 and 2021
46:34	·	that brought a new anti-french military
46:36	·	hun into power in the country that
46:37	·	decided to expel all French troops from
46:39	·	the country by 2022 and they began
46:42	·	welcoming in Russian troops from the
46:43	·	Vagner group to assist them against
46:45	·	rebels in the country instead in the
46:47	·	ensuing chaos that followed the azawad
46:50	·	movement has regain significant momentum
46:52	·	and ground and currently as of 2024 it
46:55	·	controls a large swath of mol's North
46:57	·	once again if they're able to expand on
47:00	·	their success and take back control over
47:01	·	major towns in the area like timbuk 2
47:03	·	and GA again it could only be a matter
47:06	·	of time before azawad unilaterally
47:08	·	redeclared their own independence in
47:10	·	Northern Mali again and the question
47:12	·	this time will be if anybody intervenes
47:14	·	to stop them again or if anybody will
47:17	·	decide to just simply recognize them
47:18	·	this time meanwhile in Cameroon Down in
47:21	·	subsaharan Africa there are the
47:23	·	potential conditions emerging for yet
47:24	·	another possible new candidate country
47:26	·	toer in the near future as well this
47:29	·	time in the form of a potential new
47:30	·	country known as ambz Amazonia in
47:32	·	cameroon's extreme West the issue here
47:35	·	dates back to the Colonial period where
47:36	·	for decades between 1916 and 1961 modern
47:40	·	day Cameroon was divided between a
47:41	·	larger French colony in the East and a
47:43	·	smaller British colony in the west who
47:45	·	directly influen the pattern of
47:47	·	cameroon's two dominant languages today
47:50	·	French and English French has naturally
47:52	·	remained the dominant language spoken in
47:53	·	the bigger part of Cameroon that used to
47:55	·	be a French colony and 41% of the
47:57	·	country's total population currently
47:59	·	speaks French meanwhile English has
48:02	·	remained the dominant spoken language in
	·	Ambazonia
48:03	·	the smaller part of Cameroon that used
48:04	·	to be a British colony and so about 16%
48:07	·	of cameroon's overall population speaks
48:09	·	English this has led to a long-standing
48:11	·	issue within Cameroon ever since the
48:13	·	country's Independence that's known as
48:15	·	the anglophone problem where the
48:17	·	english- speaking minority in Far
48:18	·	Western Cameroon has often felt
48:20	·	disenfranchised and locked out by
48:22	·	certain policies and actions enacted by
48:24	·	the majority french-speaking cameroonian
48:26	·	government in 2016 widescale protest in
48:29	·	the smaller anglophone part of Cameroon
48:31	·	broke out that the mostly
48:32	·	french-speaking cameroonian government
48:34	·	decided to violently crack down on which
48:36	·	led the angones in Western Cameroon
48:38	·	deciding to launch a separatist
48:40	·	Insurgency which eventually led to a
48:42	·	group of angones to unilaterally declare
48:44	·	the independence of the western angone
48:46	·	region of Cameroon as the independent
48:48	·	state of ambazonia this led the
48:50	·	cameroonian government to openly declare
48:52	·	war on the ambazonian separatists and
48:55	·	the cameroonian Army was ordered in to
48:56	·	restore the government's Authority which
48:58	·	sparked the cameroonian Civil War or the
49:00	·	anglophone crisis in the country that
49:02	·	has continued on ever since thousands of
49:05	·	people have been killed by the conflict
49:06	·	since then and hundreds of thousands
49:08	·	more have been forcefully displaced and
49:11	·	as it currently stands the cameronian
49:13	·	government controls most of the large
49:14	·	cities and population centers in the
49:15	·	angone region while the ambazonian
49:18	·	separatists still control large swaths
49:20	·	of the area's rural Countryside if they
49:22	·	are eventually successful in their
49:23	·	Rebellion then the ambazonian
49:25	·	separatists will almost certainly
49:26	·	attempt to gain formal recognition of
49:28	·	their independence as Africa's newest
49:30	·	State like South Sudan and Eritrea
49:33	·	became before them through fours but
49:35	·	they still might not become the world's
	·	South Yemen
49:37	·	newest country that emerges through
49:38	·	Force of Arms in Yemen the long Civil
49:41	·	War in the country is reaching its
49:43	·	10-year anniversary of beginning with no
49:45	·	immediate end still in sight but as it
49:48	·	currently stands now as it has for many
49:50	·	years there were three major factions in
49:52	·	the war that could eventually negotiate
49:54	·	for peace the iran-backed houthi and the
49:56	·	Saudi backed Republic of Yemen are
49:58	·	decidedly not separatist entities they
50:01	·	both want full political control over
50:03	·	the entirety of Yemen's internationally
50:04	·	recognized territory and they both
50:07	·	officially claim to be all of Yemen's
50:09	·	rightful and legitimate government
50:10	·	meanwhile the third major faction in the
50:13	·	war the UAE backed Southern transitional
50:15	·	council is explicitly a secessionist
50:17	·	faction that seeks for the
50:19	·	reestablishment and Independence of the
50:20	·	former South Yemen again just like it
50:22	·	used to exist for decades in the 20th
50:24	·	century between 1967 and 1990 before it
50:28	·	was absorbed into the former North Yemen
50:30	·	that created the unified Yemen that
50:31	·	existed up until the Civil War began in
50:33	·	2014 if the southern transitional
50:36	·	council is successful in its desires and
50:37	·	negotiations whenever a formal peace
50:39	·	settlement is made in Yemen then it's
50:42	·	very possible we could end up seeing the
50:44	·	geopolitical return of South Yemen to
50:46	·	the World's Maps again and a return back
50:48	·	to the era of a politically divided
50:50	·	Yemen which is more of the historical
50:52	·	reversion to the mean in the area when
50:54	·	you consider that Yemen has been
50:55	·	politically divided between between a
50:56	·	north and a South for centuries and its
50:59	·	recent Union between 1990 and 2014 was a
51:02	·	pretty major aberration in this
51:04	·	otherwise long history of divided
51:07	·	rule countries might come and go on the
51:09	·	international stage all the time but
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[who_would_fardels_bear]

Who can read that without going insane?