Polyphenol intervention significantly increases the abundance of butyrate producers such as Faecalibacterium and members of the Ruminococcaceae family (Del Bo et al., 2021). Among other polyphenols, the impact of catechins, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins as prebiotics is more evident because they increase the abundance of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium spp. (Alves-Santos et al., 2020). Other phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin are also reported to increase microbial butyrate (Catalkaya et al., 2020). Additionally, the microbial accessibility of different prebiotics also varies among butyrate producers; therefore, the administration of different prebiotics can selectively enrich specific butyrate producers (Table 2). Other than prebiotics, synbiotic treatments can also be administered to promote butyrate production in the gut (Gurry, 2017). Synbiotics contain a combination of prebiotics and probiotics, and their synergistic effects are more prominent than those of prebiotics and probiotics used individually (Singh et al., 2021). Synbiotic treatment with Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 and L-Alanyl-L-glutamine improved butyrate levels and enhanced the major butyrate producers such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, both in vitro and in humans (tom Dieck et al., 2022). Similarly, another study reported the prevalence of butyrate-producing Eubacterium and Pseudobutyrivibrio upon synbiotic administration of fiber-enriched yogurt (Jaagura et al., 2022).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9877435/ Inulin, guar gum, fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and pectin were specifically noted to also help, in prior studies.
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