Thier were penalties for trying to rend the United States.
In 1861, where were the penalties?
My understanding is that the Federal government, in 1861, could set the conditions for the entry of new states into the union, but it could not stop a state from leaving the union because all power that was not reserved for the federal government belonged to the state. I think the Founding Fathers knew what the phrase, All Power” when they wrote that down.