Selections from the Lactose Tolerance / Intolerance keywords:
It’s in our DNA, apparently.
Missing a target and hitting a tree, rock or the ground would do the same damage, or more to a flint arrowhead.
Rioja Alavesa - was there in 2021 - the town of Laguardia, etc. Lovely place. The provincial borders of the Basque country are bizarre. There are several enclaves of one province inside another, and in that region of mountains and valleys several regions (Alava, Navarra, La Rioja and Burgos) and provinces abut each other, and you can drive in and out of a region along the same road.
Another plus, maybe, is that the whole place is relatively unspoiled by tourism, other than by locals, from say Bilbao or Pamplona.
My understanding is that this period in european history coincides with 1000 year push westward by the steppe herders from roughly today’s ukraine. They essentially killed all the males of europe and took their women. So every male of european stock today’s patrilineal line descend from these herders. Why were they so successful. They were about 2 inches taller and broader at the chest than the mix of anatolian farmers and western hunter gatherers who inhabited the region. they were also more ferocious. As well, they had horses.
At the dawn of recorded history, the Middle East was at war.
Of course we know it went on long, long before that.
All you have to do is look around at all the people calling for war today in order to know that we are a warlike people who must consciously change if we want it to change.