Not necessarily. Dislike of the Jews and their cultural aspects was the quite common attitude to Europeans from the Dark ages on.
When is the last time you read a summary of Shakespeare's famous play "The Merchant of Venice" that featured "Shylock" and his "pound of flesh" theme?
In those days a hatred of Jews by the non-Jew populace was expected from all, especially "Christians" for whom that religion was expected of a natural-born citizen, customarily baptized into it at birth obviously involuntarily, and counted to be such thereafter unless one actively refused the status.
At least us European Christians during those times had the excuse of both their arranging for Jesus’s murder as well as the Talmud’s sections being leaked by a guy named Nicolas Donin showing their contempt for Jesus and Mary by blasphemously claiming that Jesus was the bastard son of a centurion and condemned to be boiled in hot excrement as well as Mary being a prostitute for their anger towards the Jews, while Marx’s distaste clearly had no religious background at all.
Personally, my big issue would be more that they defeated God in a debate at all. That bit was just blasphemous, irredeemably so, far more irredeemable than even the bits about Jesus and Mary. At least Jesus acknowledged he’d always have his enemies. What the Jewish rabbis did to God the Father in Bava Metzia was just disgusting and blasphemous towards someone who is all powerful and all knowing. In fact, want a good example of how that actually would turn out? Try reading up Korah’s Rebellion and what happened to the majority people there when THEY tried to beat God.