[rdcbn1]

That was one layer of of many, but it does seem that the vessel was designed and fabricated entirely made from hoop wound tows.

That constitutes engineering malpractice and criminal negligence.

I can't believe that the company that wound the vessel knowingly fabricated such a crime against nature.

Heck, I'm surprised that they were even able to pull the vessel off the mandrel it was wound on without breaking it in half if it was totally hoop wound

[Abathar]

The best way to do multi-directional windings is hundreds of years old.

I have made sand molds where they subject sand with a binder in a high pressure press around a steel support. In fact the shape is almost identical to this sub, just much smaller. Aside from the two small holes at the ends where the support extends out of the sand the mandrel is 100% exposed and there is no limit to how you want to wrap it before the vacuum bag goes on and into the autoclave.

When it’s done it’s just a matter of pushing out the center bar, cutting the end a little bigger and vibrating the sand free and out.

[Organic Panic]

I worked on the tooling for the 787 fuselage. The mandrel was like a puzzle box that could retract in to itself.

Not sure what type of tooling this guy used. I doubt they were as clever as we uninspiring 50 year old white guys.