the real game changer is in water desalination but they don’t seem to be able to produce durable graphene at scale.
Why a game changer? Because graphene would make it possible to desalinate sea water at room temperature and pressure.
That would cut the cost of desalinated seawater roughly in half.
That in turn would make desalinated seawater cheap enough to pipe inland 100-500 miles from any sea coast to grow crops. That would vastly increase the size of habitable earth.
You know, nuclear power plants that use seawater as a cooling agent are pretty good basic infrastructure for commercial desalination of any type.
Almost that perfect two birds with one stone situation.