Section 2 Apportionment of Representation
Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed."
The counting clause ended the 3/5ths counting of the black population.
It is possible to both count “the whole number of persons in each State” and apportion “among the several States” based on the number of citizens in them.
The counting clause, like the Amendment II militia clause, was meant to be confusing. In both cases however, the true meaning is rock solid.
When reading text, people are inclined to assign it a meaning that they want. Two lawyers reading the same law can think it mean different things, but it logically only means one.
“Section 1 Rights All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside....
Senator Jacob Howard. Referring to the citizenship clause of the 14th Amendment, he says:
This will not, of course, include persons born in the United States who are foreigners, aliens, who belong to the families of ambassadors or foreign ministers accredited to the Government of the United States, but will include every other class of persons.