Yes. All of the above. But I believe it is mostly our culture of the last 50 years to selfishly and cowardly not get involved.
Selfish? Cowardly?
No, it's being painfully aware that a defender will have their life ruined by Leftists in government who can't afford to have people resisting the plan.
The victim could carry a handgun like Bernie Goetz did except she could also play the "believe all women" card and walk free, unlike Bernie Goetz.