Sorry, I am having a hard time describing how one uefi partition cannot be written correctly on a new drive while the original uefi partition is active. This is a security feature in newer systems.
How much “newer” are we talking, here? :-)
I think I understand what you are saying, but, then how did my several other clonings to SSDs from HDDs or smaller SSD’s on my other Win 10 machines work just fine?
And why do the 1st 2 small EFI partitions seem to clone just fine?