The OP's lecture was interesting on the turning point represented by the novels of Jane Austen, and how her work was an unacknowledged but essential forerunner of Ulysses. In some sense, Ulysses and the confessional poetry kicked off by D.H. Lawrence at the dawn of the 20th century were part of the percolating marxist revolution that Joyce touched on in Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, where he describes university students fascinated by the Red Soviet overthrow trying to induct other Irish Catholic students into their atheist communist cult, which in this century has become a dominant cultural reality throughout the former Christendom.
In an ironic sense, as the "relational" novels of Austen led to the "experiential" novel about quotidian minutiae Ulysses (carrying within it a marxist undertow of post-Truth), Ulysses led not only to dystopian fiction, but also to Seinfeld, "a show about nothing."
Dystopian fiction had been around well before Ulysses. Zamyatin’s “We” was published the year before. The Machine Stops by E.M. Forster, hell even “The Time Machine”. Many others.
One could say this sort of experiential lit started with Wordsworth. The Prelude is about the awakening of his consciousness.