Don’t see a gas tube or recoil buffer.
Correct.
It is a straight pull bolt action.
Works very well with a suppressor.
Use any loads that will put a bullet out the barrel.
That AR-15 pistol is probably chambered for the .22 LR rimfire cartridge. That is strictly a blowback mechanism, and therefore does not need a gas system. You can tell by looking at the area behind the ejection port door recess.