“Civil Defense” was largely abandoned during the late ‘60s.
Evacuating cities was seen to be impractical and counterproductive, as was sheltering in place in urban areas.
Both simply result in large numbers of refugees and wounded who cannot practically be cared for.
Better to die immediately or in the first day or two than much later and more agonizingly.
Russia takes civil defence serious as a heart attack they have shelter space for the entire population of Moscow for at least a month twice the length need for fallout decay. Look up at the link above that’s one of hundreds of doors in their deep subway system that was set deeper than needed specifically to be used as fallout shelters. Hate on Russia all you want but she takes a keen interest in the survivability of the Rodina.