I don’t know a way around that unless you have someone close to you that gets texts and the code can be sent to them. Can you use someone else’s phone#?
I’ll have to get my LadyFriend to help out with her new iPhone 13. It just POs me that the IT morons there can’t simply email a code back to the same device (desktop) that applied for the account, as they stated they would, when I started the process. Darn.